Old Testament

2. True or False: According to Bauer, when the Sumerian flood story was first translated, most historians assumed that the Genesis account was derived from it, but further study of the differences between the two stories suggests that they are far more likely to have arisen separately from the same source event.

3. True or False: Mesopotamia means the land “between the rivers.”

4. True or False: Mesopotamia is the cradle of western civilization.

5. True or False: Ionia is the cradle of western philosophy.

6. Which of the following was NOT an Egyptian king?

A. Scorpion King
b. Raging Catfish
c. Noche

7. The Rosetta Stone played a role in (select one)

a. David slaying Goliath
b. Proving the large extent of the Hittite kingdom
c. God inscribing the Ten Commandments
d. Deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs
e. Preservation of the Epic of Gilgamesh

8. Place the following empires in the correct order

a. Greek
b. Medes & Persians
c. Babylon
d. Roman

9. Match the following with the most appropriate location of origin. Each answer will be used only once.

a. Epic of Gilgamesh
b. Code of Hammurabi
c. Homeric Poems

[possible answers: Babylon, Ionia, Sumer]

10. Match the definitions with the best choice of terms from the list below

a. The practice of a king assuming the identity of his predecessor
b. Refers to the name which God gives to himself
c. Using names familiar to contemporary readers rather than names in use during the historical past.
d. A human figure with the face of a bull and imprisoned in the Labyrinth
e. A foot soldier
f. Philosophy of the “living stuff”

[List of possible answers: 1. Positional succession, 2. Hoplite, 3. Anachronism, 4. Minotaur, 5. Hylozoism, 6. Tetragrammaton]

11. True of False: It would have been impossible for the Egyptians to have built the pyramids given their technological abilities. The only reasonable answer is that aliens came through a Stargate and used an energy coil called the “Caduceus Coil” to tap into the planetary energy grid in order to levitate the blocks into place.

12. Place the following in correct order, earliest to latest.

a. David
b. Sargon
c. Nebuchadnezzar

13. The birth story of which of the following is very similar to that of Moses’?

a. Sargon
b. Khufu
c. Herodotus
d. Horus
e. Terah

14. Place the following in the correct order

a. Adam
b. Eve
c. Seth
d. Noah
e. Tower of Babylon
f. Abraham
g. Period of the Judges
h. David
i. Divided Kingdom
j. Babylonian captivity

15. True of False: The Hyksos once ruled in Persia.

16. True or False: The legend of the Minotaur is an example of one of the Greek myths which has been proven to be a very precise description of an actual event.

17. True of False: The exodus of the Hebrews shows up nowhere in the Egyptian records.

18. True or false: The Egyptians did not write.

19. True or false: The Philistines kept the Israelites in a position of military inferiority by forbidding them to manufacture any sort of iron tools.

20. True or False: There was no country called Phoenicia.

21. True or False: Jeroboam was Solomon’s son.

22. True or False: Around 721 BC Sargon II wiped the political state of Israel off the map, and removed large numbers of Israelites from their homeland all the way over to the territory of the Medes. This resulted in the despised mix of peoples that the Jews later called Samaritans.

23. Match the following leaders with the location of their rule.

a. Sennacherib
b. Sheshonq
c. Rehoboam
d. Nebuchadnezzar
e. Cyrus the Great

[Possible answers: Babylon, Medes & Persians, Judah, Egypt, Assyria]

24. Match the following gods (God) with their followers.

a. Marduk
b. Horus
c. YHWH

[Possible answers: Egypt, Babylon, Hebrews]

25. True or False: The Great Pyramid of Giza and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon are two of the Seven Wonders of the World.

26. True or False: The war between the Greeks and Persians was central to the life of the Greeks, but receives barely a mention in Persian histories.

27. True or False: The Delian League and the Peloponnesian League were manifestations of the rivalry between Athens and Sparta.

28. Which of the following are historians upon which Bauer relies for material. (Select all that apply)

a. Thucydides
b. Herodotus
c. Plutarch

29. True or false: One characteristic of Orphism is that by ritual purifications and an ascetic life they hoped to win release from the body and return to the company of the gods.

30. The logic of which philosopher was the starting-point for both Platonic dialectic and Aristotelian logic.

a. Parmenides
b. Heraclitus
c. Anaximander
d. Thales
e. Tyrannosaurus Rex

31. The Logos is most often associated with which of the following philosophers?

a. Parmenides
b. Heraclitus
c. Anaximander
d. Thales
e. Latissimus Dorsi

32. Complete the sentences by filling in the blank spaces with the correct answer from the list provided below.

a. __________ influenced Plato more than any other philosopher. Important elements passed into Plato’s thought from his predecessors which through him have influenced the later development of European philosophy.
b. From the __________ Plato derives much of his conception of the matter of the physical universe.
c. From the __________ comes the essence of Plato’s doctrine of the nature and destiny of the soul, his insistence on eternal form and order as the supremely important reality and proper object of the intellect, and the emphasis in his though on mathematics and astronomy.
d. From __________ he gits his vision of the transitorinesss of all sensible things and the flux of the material world.
e. __________ and the Eleatics leave him a clear though inadequate vision of eternal being, the beginnings of logical reasoning, and a logical problem to solve.

[Possible answers: 1. Heraclitus, 2. Parmenides, 3. Pythagoreans, 4. Milesians, 5. Socrates]

33. Match the following statements about “pleasure” with the school it most accurately depicts.

a. “As a humanist agnostic I enjoy pleasure when it is practical as part of a successful civilized human life.”
b. “I can’t really know if pleasure is good or bad, but I have an opinion about it.
c. “I enjoy my pleasure in public and could care less what you think about it.”
d. “It is our feelings of pain and pleasure which are the test by which we determine what is bad and good for us.”
e. “Pleasure? I am utterly indifferent to all external things. I am free from all passion, emotion, and affections.”

[Possible answers: 1. Stoicism, 2. Cynicism, 3. Sophism, 4. Skepticism, 5. Hedonism]

34. True or False: Socrates believed that the first and foremost business of man was care of the soul.

35. True or False: Plato was not very systematic and it is often difficult to find out his solution to the problem he raises.

36. True or False: Plato founded the Lyceum.

37. True or False: Aristotle believed that there exists a world of eternal realities, “Forms” or “Ideas” that are entirely separate from the world our senses perceive, and knowable only by pure intellect.

38. True or False: Plato did not believe in the soul’s pre-existence, but did believe that it could not be extinguished.

39. Place the following in chronological order;

a. John the Baptist
b. Socrates
c. David, son of Jesse
d. Aristotle
e. Alexander the Great
f. Thales
g. Plato

40. True or False: Aristotle rejected Plato’s Theory of Forms.

41. True or False: Aristotle denied the existence of universals.

42. True or False: Socrates wrote no philosophic treatise himself.

44. Which of the following had a more family-friendly political philosophy.

a. Aristotle
b. Plato

October 6, 2013 by kevinstilley

Hell Is War : Discussion Questions [Russell Moore]

Hell Is War from Russell Moore on Vimeo.

Speaker: Russell Moore
Sermon Topic: “Hell Is War: The Awful Violence of Wanting”
Texts: Exodus 20:17; James 4:1-3

This sermon was originally preached on Sunday, May 17, 2009 at Highview Baptist Church in Louisville, Kentucky. You can find more sermons and other resources from Dr. Moore at russellmoore.com.
__________

Why do you think that we want things that we don’t need?

What is the end result of covetousness? In yourself? In your relationships?

What is wrong with wishing to have the things that other people have?

Why are we not more grateful for the things we have been given?

What is the relationship between covetousness and contentment?

Have you ever heard the following quote? “One man has never married, and that’s his hell; another is, and that’s his plague.” (Robert Burton, in The Anatomy of Melancholy) Do you think it is pertinent to the sermon you have just heard?

Does this mean that we should not pray for a job? A spouse? Friends? Possessions?

Why is making a request of God not in conflict with His instruction for us not to covet?

What does this passage of Scripture mean when it says that “You ask and do not receive, because you ask wrongly,”?

Is there something that you currently want? Have you taken it to God in prayer? Will you?

What are the possible ways in which God might answer your prayer?

Are you currently living in a state of contentment? If not, will you repent?

__________

Exodus 20:17 – “You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his male servant, or his female servant, or his ox, or his donkey, or anything that is your neighbor’s.” [ESV]

James 4:1-3 – “What causes quarrels and what causes fights among you? Is it not this, that your passions are at war within you? You desire and do not have, so you murder. You covet and cannot obtain, so you fight and quarrel. You do not have, because you do not ask. You ask and do not receive, because you ask wrongly, to spend it on your passions.” [ESV]

__________

“Burning Love”

Lord Almighty,
I feel my temperature rising
Higher higher
It’s burning through to my soul

Girl, girl, girl
You gonna set me on fire
My brain is flaming
I don’t know which way to go

Your kisses lift me higher
Like the sweet song of a choir
You light my morning sky
With burning love

Ooh, ooh, ooh,
I feel my temperature rising
Help me, I’m flaming
I must be a hundred and nine
Burning, burning, burning
And nothing can cool me
I just might turn into smoke
But I feel fine

Cause your kisses lift me higher
Like a sweet song of a choir
And you light my morning sky
With burning love

It’s coming closer
The flames are reaching my body
Please won’t you help me
I feel like I’m slipping away
It’s hard to breath
And my chest is a-heaving

Lord Almighty,
I’m burning a hole where I lay
Cause your kisses lift me higher
Like the sweet song of a choir
You light my morning sky
With burning love
With burning love
Ah, ah, burning love
I’m just a hunk, a hunk of burning love
Just a hunk, a hunk of burning love
Just a hunk, a hunk of burning love
Just a hunk, a hunk of burning love
Just a hunk, a hunk of burning love
Just a hunk, a hunk of burning love

__________

“Ring of Fire”

Love is a burning thing
And it makes a fiery ring
Bound by wild desire
I fell into a ring of fire

I fell into a burning ring of fire
I went down, down, down and the flames went higher
And it burns, burns, burns, the ring of fire
The ring of fire

The taste of love is sweet
When hearts like ours meet
I fell for you like a child
Oh, but the fire went wild

I fell into a burning ring of fire
I went down, down, down and the flames went higher
And it burns, burns, burns, the ring of fire
The ring of fire

And it burns, burns, burns, the ring of fire
The ring of fire
The ring of fire
The ring of fire

October 3, 2013 by kevinstilley

Old Testament Book Recommendations

Looking for the best books to supplement your Old Testament studies? Here are some book recommendations from Mark Dever, Paul Copan, Daniel Akin and others.

__________

9Marks

The following books on the OLD TESTAMENT are included in the 9Marks reading list for pastors:

The Authority of the Old Testament, John Bright

History of Israel, John Bright

Introduction to the Old Testament, Dillard and Longman

The Faith of Israel, William Dumbrell

The Goldsworthy Trilogy, Graeme Goldsworthy (see esp. Gospel and Kingdom in this volume)

Whoredom, Ray Ortlund, Jr.

__________

Paul Copan

The following are recommended for further reading in How Do You Know You’re Not Wrong?: Responding to Objections That Leave Christians Speechless , by Paul Copan.

Why Are Some Old Testament Laws Harsh And Oppressive?

Toward Old Testament Ethics (Walter Kaiser)

Slaves, Women, and Homosexuals: Exploring the Hermeneutics of Cultural Analysis (William J. Webb)

An Eye For An Eye (Christopher Wright)

Walking In The Ways of the Lord (Christopher Wright)

Leviticus [New International Commentary on the Old Testament] (Gordon Wenham)

Deuteronomy [New International Biblical Commentary, Old Testament Series 4] (Christopher Wright)

Does The Old Testament Condone Slavery?

The Bible In Politics: How To Read The Bible Politically (Richard Bauckham)

Toward Old Testament Ethics (Walter C. Kaiser)

God’s People in God’s Land: Family, Land, and Property in the Old Testament (Christopher J.H. Wright)

Are Old Testament Prophecies Taken Out Of Context In The New Testament?

Jesus and the Old Testament (R.T. France)

Matthew: Evangelist and Teacher (R.T. France)

Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period (Richard Longenecker)

“The New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Text Form and Authority” by Moises Silva in Hermeneutics, Authority, and Canon (ed., D.a. Carson and John Woodbridge)

“The Use of the Old Testament in the New” by Klyne Snodgrass in New Testament Criticism and Interpretation (eds., David Alan Black and David Dockery)

__________

Westminster Theological Seminary

These Old Testament titles appear on Westminster Theological Seminary’s suggested reading list for those interested in becoming students at WTS.

Dillard, Raymond B. and Tremper Longman, III. An Introduction to the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2006.

Waltke, Bruce K., and Charles Yu. An Old Testament Theology: A Canonical and Thematic Approach. Zondervan, 2006.

Longman, Tremper III. How to Read the Psalms. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1988.

Silva, Moises and Karen Jobes. Invitation to the Septuagint. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2005

Armerding, Carl E. The Old Testament and Criticism. Spring Arbor Distributors.

Young, E.J. “The Authority of the Old Testament.” In The Infallible Word, Edited by Stonehouse, N.B., and Paul Wooley, 55-91. Phillipsburg, N. J.: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co, 2002.

Kline, Meredith G. Kingdom Prologue. Overland Park, KS: Two Age Press, 2000.

Kline, Meredith G. Images of the Spirit. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1980.

Vos, Geerhardus. The Eschatology of the Old Testament. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 2001.

__________

Daniel Akin

Danny Akin, President of Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary, has recommended the following:

Introductions and Surveys of the Old Testament.

Archer, Gleason L., Jr. A Survey of Old Testament Introduction. Rev. ed. Chicago: Moody, 1994.

Dillard, Raymond B., and Tremper Longman III. An Introduction to the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994.

Harrison, R.K. Introduction to the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1969.

Hill, Andrew, and John Walton. A Survey of the Old Testament. 2d ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2000.

Lasor, William, David A. Hubbard, and Frederick W. Bush. Old Testament Survey: The Message, Form and Background of the Old Testament. 2d ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996.

Leithart, Peter. A House for My Name. Moscow: Canon, 2000.

Young, Edward J. An Introduction to the Old Testament. New rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965.

Old Testament History and Background

de Vaux, R. Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions. 2 vols. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961.

Easley, Kendall H. Holman Illustrated Guide to Biblical History. Nashville: Broadman, 2003.

Frank, Harry Thomas. Discovering the Biblical World. New York: Harper, 1975.

Harrison, R.K. Old Testament Times. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1970.

Hayes, John H., and J. Maxwell Miller, eds. Israelite and Judean History. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1977.

Kaiser, Walter C. A Survey of Israel’s History. Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1997.

Long, V. Phillips, Tremper Longman, III, and Iain W. Provain. A Biblical History of Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003.

Merrill, Eugene H. Kingdom of Priests: A History of Old Testament Israel. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996.

Walton, John H. Chronological Charts of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994.

Old Testament Word Studies.

Brown, Francis. The New Brown-Driver-Briggs-Gesenius Hebrew-English Lexicon. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1979.

Harris, R. Laird, Gleason L. Archer, Jr., and Bruce K. Waltke, eds. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament. 2 vols. Chicago: Moody, 1980.

Jenni, Ernst, and Claus Westermann, eds. Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament. Translated by M. E. Biddle. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1997.

Koehler, Ludwig and Walter Baumgartner. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. 5 vols. New York: E. J. Brill, 1994-2000.

Old Testament Archaeology

Ben-Tor, Amnon, ed. The Archaeology of Ancient Israel. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.

Fagan, Brian M. The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. New York: Oxford, 1996.

Mazar, Amihai. Archaeology of the Land of the Bible—10,000-586 B.C.E. New York: Doubleday, 1990.

Millard, Alan. Treasures from Bible Times. Tring, England: Lion, 1985.

Schoville, K. N. Biblical Archaeology in Focus. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1978.

Thompson, John A. The Bible and Archaeology. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1972.

Yamauchi, Edwin. The Stones and the Scriptures: An Introduction to Biblical Archaeology. Repr. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1981.

Old Testament Theology

Dempster, Stephen. Dominion and Dynasty: A Biblical Theology of the Hebrew Bible. Downers Grove: IVP, 2003.

Dumbrell, William J. The Faith of Israel: A Theological Survey of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001.

Eichrodt, Walther. Theology of the Old Testament. 2 vols. Translated by J.A. Baker. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1961-67.

Fuller, Daniel. The Unity of the Bible: Unfolding God’s Plan for Humanity. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2000.

Goldingay, John. Old Testament Theology: Israel’s Gospel. Downers Grove: IVP, 2003.

Goldsworthy, Graeme. According to Plan: The Unfolding Revelation of God in the Bible. Downers Grove: IVP, 2002.

Goldsworthy, Graeme. The Goldsworthy Trilogy. Waynesboro, GA: Send the Light, 2000.

House, Paul. Old Testament Theology. Downers Grove: IVP, 1998.

Kaiser, Walter C., Jr. Toward an Old Testament Theology. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1978.

Longman, Tremper, III. Immanual in Our Place: Seeing Christ In Israel’s Worship. New Jersey: P & R, 2001.

__________. Making Sense of the Old Testament: Three Crucial Questions. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1999.

Martens, Elmer A. God’s Design: A Focus on Old Testament Theology. 2d ed. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1994.

Ortlund, Raymond C. God’s Unfaithful Wife: A Biblical Theology of Spiritual Adultery. Downers Grove, IVP, 2003.

Sailhammer, John H. Introduction to Old Testament Theology: A Canonical Approach. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995.

Von Rad, Gerhard. Old Testament Theology. 2 vols. Translated by D.M.G. Stalker. New York: Harper & Row, 1962-1965.

Vos, Gerhardus. Biblical Theology: Old and New Testaments. Edinburgh: Banner of Truth, 1996.

Old Testament Special Studies

Alter, Robert. The Art of Biblical Poetry. New York: Basic Books, 1985.

Alexander, T. Desmond. From Paradise to the Promised Land: An Introduction to the Pentateuch, 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002.

Armerding, Carl E. The Old Testament and Criticism. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1983.

Blenkinsopp, Joseph. A History of Prophecy in Israel. Rev. ed. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1996.

Botterweck, G. Johannes, and H. Ringgren, eds. Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. 11 vols. to date. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974-1998.

Bullock, C. Hassell. An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Books. Chicago: Moody, 1986.

________ . An Introduction to the Old Testament Poetic Books. Chicago: Moody, 1979.

Chisolm, Robert B., Jr. Handbook on the Prophets. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002.

Collins, John J., ed. The Encyclopedia of Apocalypticism. New York: Continuum, 1998.

Duguid, Iain M. Living in the Grip of Relentless Grace: The Gospel in the Lives of Isaac and Jacob. New Jersey: P & R Press, 2002.

Fyall, Robert. Now My Eyes Have Seen You: Images of Creation and Evil in the Book of Job. Downers Grove: IVP, 2002.

Goldingay, John. Approaches to Old Testament Interpretation. Downers Grove: IVP, 1981.

Howard, David M. An Introduction to the Old Testament Historical Books. Chicago: Moody, 1993.

Jobes, Karen H. and Moisés Silva. Invitation to the Septuagint. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2000.

Kaiser, Walter C., Jr. Toward Rediscovering the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987.

McConville, Gordon. A Guide to the Prophets. Vol. 4 of Exploring the Old Testament. Downers Grove: IVP, 2003.

Millar, J. Gary. Now Choose Life: Theology and Ethics In Deuteronomy. Downers Grove: IVP, 2000.

Murphy, Roland K. The Tree of Life: An Exploration of Biblical Wisdom Literature. New York: Doubleday, 1990.

Stuart, Douglas. Old Testament Exegesis: A Primer for Students and Pastors. 2d ed. Philadelphia: Westminister, 1984.

VanGemeren, Wilhelm A., ed. New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis. 5 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1997.

Webb, Barry C. Five Festal Garments: Christian Reflections on the Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther. Downers Grove: IVP, 2001.

Wenham, Gordon. A Guide to the Pentateuch. Vol. 1 of Exploring the Old Testament. Downers Grove: IVP, 2003.

Whybray, Robert N. The Making of the Pentateuch: A Methodological Study. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1994.

Youngblood, Ronald. The Heart of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1971. __________

More Recommendations:

July 23, 2013 by kevinstilley

Samson: The Real Iron Man – Discussion Questions

Samson – The Real Ironman from CCBC Media on Vimeo.

Topic: Samson: The Real Iron Man
Speaker: John Mark Caton
Text: Judges 13-16
Date: June 2, 2013

What

What was the pattern that the Israelite people had established in their relationship with God during the time of the Judges? How does this compare with the behavior of Samson?
What is a Nazarite vow? What was the purpose that Samson was supposed to fulfill and how does the Nazarite vow relate to this purpose?
Why did Samson’s father want Samson to not marry a Philistine?
Did Samson fulfill the role to which he was called? Why?

So What

What were the results of Samson being led by unchecked passion?
What are the results of an unbridled anger in a person’s life?
How does pride limit a person’s potential?

Now What

Are you chasing after something that is sweet, ignoring that it is embodied in something that is dead?
Samson made a riddle out of his sin? Are you taking pleasure in something that demonstrates you are not where God would have you?
Will you make a commitment to repent of your sin and commit serve God and him alone?

__________

More sermons from John Mark Caton are availabe at CottonwoodCreek.org

__________

Old Testament Comprehensive Bibliography – Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary

The following books and articles are some of those appearing on the Comprehensive Reading List for PhD candidates in Old Testament at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary.

INTRODUCTORY STUDIES

All the Old Testament articles in The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by David Noel Freedman. 6 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
And the relevant major articles in Dictionary of the Old Testament Historical Books. Edited by Bill T. Arnold and H. G. M. Williamson. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2005.

Albright, William Foxwell. The Biblical Period from Abraham to Ezra. New York: Harper & Row, 1949.
Barrera, Julio Trebolle. The Jewish Bible and the Christian Bible. Translated by W. G. E. Watson. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.
Cross, Frank Moore. From Epic to Canon: History and Literature in Ancient Israel. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
Eissfeldt, O. The Old Testament: An Introduction. New York: Harper & Row, 1965.
Gaebelein, Frank E., ed. The Expositor’s Bible Commentary. Vol. 1, Introductory Articles. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1979.
Harrison, R. K. “The Critical Use of the Old Testament.” BSac 146 (1989): 12-20.
________. Introduction to the Old Testament. Peabody: Hendrickson, 2004.
Hess, Richard S., and Gordon J. Wenham, eds. Make the Old Testament Live: From Curriculum to Classroom. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.
Kitchen, Kenneth A. Ancient Orient and Old Testament. Chicago: InterVarsity, 1966.
________. On The Reliability of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003.
McKenzie, Steven L., and M. Patrick Graham, eds. The Hebrew Bible Today: An Introduction to Critical Issues. Louisville: John Knox, 1998.

BIBLICAL EXEGESIS

Beale, G. K., ed. The Right Doctrine from the Wrong Texts? Essays on the Use of the Old Testament in the New. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1994.
Bock, Darrell L. “Evangelicals and the Use of the Old Testament in the New.” BSac 142 (1985): 209-23, 306-19.
Broyles, Craig C., ed. Introducing Old Testament Interpretation: A Guide for Exegesis. Grand
Rapids: Baker, 2001.
Carson, D. A. Exegetical Fallacies. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996.
Dockery, David S. Biblical Interpretation Then and Now. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1992.
Greidanus, Sidney. The Modern Preacher and the Ancient Text. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1988.
Hirsch, E. D., Jr. The Aims of Interpretation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.
________. Validity in Interpretation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1967.
Kaiser, Walter, and Moises Silva. An Introduction to Biblical Hermeneutics. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1993.
Klein, George L., ed. Reclaiming the Prophetic Mantle. Nashville: Broadman, 1992.
Osborne, Grant. The Hermeneutical Spiral. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1991.
Patterson, Paige. “The Historical-Critical Study of the Bible: Dangerous or Helpful?” Theological Educator 37 (1988): 45-61.
Silva, Moises. Biblical Words & Their Meaning. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994.
________. God, Language & Scripture. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1980.
Steck, Odil Hannes. Old Testament Exegesis: A Guide to the Methodology. Translated by J. D. Nogalski. Atlanta: Scholars, 1995.
Stuart, Douglas. Old Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students & Pastors. 3rd ed. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2001.

TEXTUAL CRITICISM

Barr, James. Comparative Philology and the Text of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968.
Deist, F. E. “Text, Textuality, and Textual Criticism.” JNSL 21 (1995): 59-67.
________. Towards the Text of the Old Testament. Translated by W. K. Winckler. 2nd ed. Pretoria: N. G. Kerkboekhandel Transvaal, 1981.
Goshen-Gottstein, M. H. “The Textual Criticism of the Old Testament: Rise, Decline, Rebirth.” JBL 102 (1983): 365-99.
Jellicoe, Sidney. The Septuagint and Modern Study. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968.
Talmon, Shemaryahu. “The Old Testament Text.” In From the Beginning to Jerome, 159-99. Vol. 1 of The Cambridge History of the Bible. Edited by P. R. Ackroyd and C. F. Evans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
Tov, Emanuel. “The Literary History of the Book of Jeremiah in the Light of Its Textual History.” In Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism, ed. J. H. Tigay, 211-37. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985.
________. The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research. 2nd ed. Jerusalem: Simor, 1997.
________. Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. 2nd ed. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2001.
________. “Textual Criticism (OT).” In The Anchor Bible Dictionary, ed. D. N. Freedman. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
________. “The Use of Concordances in the Reconstruction of the Vorlage of the LXX.” CBQ 40 (1978): 29-36.
Waltke, Bruce K. “Goals of Textual Criticism.” WTJ 51 (1989): 93-108.
________. “Old Testament Textual Criticism.” In Foundations for Biblical Interpretation, ed. D. S. Dockery, K. A. Mathews, and R. B. Sloan, 156-86. Nashville: Broadman and Holman, 1994.
Würthwein, Ernst. The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Errol F. Rhodes. 2nd rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.

BIBLICAL CRITICISM

Cameron, Nigel M. de S. Biblical Higher Criticism and the Defense of Infallibilism in 19th Century Britain. Lewiston, NY: Mellen, 1987.
Hall, David R. The Seven Pillories of Wisdom. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1990.
Harrison, R. K., B. K. Waltke, D. Guthrie, and G. D. Fee. Biblical Criticism. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978.
Knight, D. N., and G. M. Tucker, eds. The Hebrew Bible and Its Modern Interpreters. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.
Linnemann, Eta. Historical Criticism of the Bible: Methodology or Ideology? Translated by R. W. Yarbrough. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1990.
McKenzie, S. L., and S. R. Haynes, eds. To Each Its Own Meaning. Rev. ed. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1999.
Rogerson, John. Old Testament Criticism in the Nineteenth Century: England and Germany. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.
Tigay, Jeffrey, ed. Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1985.

Canonical Criticism

Barton, John. Holy Writings, Sacred Text: The Canon in Early Christianity. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1998.
Beckwith, Roger T. The Old Testament Canon of the New Testament Church. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1985.
Blenkinsopp, Joseph. Prophecy and Canon. Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, 1977.
Childs, B. S. Old Testament Theology in a Canonical Context. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986.
Davies, Philip. Scribes and Schools: The Canonization of the Hebrew Bible. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1998.
Oswalt, John N. “Canonical Criticism: A Review from a Conservative Viewpoint.” JETS 30 (1987): 317-25.
Sanders, James A. Canon and Community: A Guide to Canonical Criticism. GBS. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.
________. From Sacred Story to Sacred Text: Canon as Paradigm. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987.
________. Torah and Canon. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1972.
Waltke, Bruce K. “A Canonical Approach to the Psalms.” In Tradition and Testament, ed. J. S. Feinberg and P. D. Feinberg, 3-18. Chicago: Moody, 1981.

Form Criticism

Alt, Albrecht. “The Origins of Israelite Law.” In Essays on Old Testament History and Religion, trans. R. A. Wilson, 101-71. Garden Ci
ty: Doubleday, 1967.
Buss, Martin J. Biblical Form Criticism in its Context. JSOTSS 274. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1999.
Hayes, John H., ed. Old Testament Form Criticism. San Antonio: Trinity University Press, 1974.
House, Paul R., ed. Beyond Form Criticism. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1992.
Longman, Tremper, III. “Form Criticism, Recent Developments in Genre Theory, and the Evangelical.” WTJ 47 (1985): 46-67.
Muilenburg, James. “Form Criticism and Beyond.” JBL 88 (1969): 1-18.
Waltke, Bruce K. “Oral Tradition.” In Inerrancy and Hermeneutic, ed. H. M. Conn, 117-35. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1988.

Source Criticism

Albright, William F. Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan. Reprint ed. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1968.
Alt, Albrecht. Essays on Old Testament History and Religion. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1966.
Cassuto, Umberto. The Documentary Hypothesis. Jerusalem: Magnes, 1961.
Harrison, R. K., B. K. Waltke, D. Guthrie, and G. D. Fee. Biblical Criticism: Historical, Literary, and Textual. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1978.
Kikawada, Isaac M., and Arthur Quinn. Before Abraham Was: The Unity of Genesis 1-11. Nashville: Abingdon, 1985.
Noth, Martin. The Deuteronomistic History. JSOTSS 15. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1981.
Speiser, E. A. Genesis. AB. Garden City: Doubleday, 1964.
Wellhausen, Julius. Prolegomena to the History of Ancient Israel. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1885.

Literary and Narrative Criticism

Alter, Robert. The Art of Biblical Narrative. New York: Basic, 1981.
Avishur, Yitzhak. Studies in Biblical Narrative: Style, Structure, and the Ancient Near Eastern Literary Background. Tel Aviv: Archaeological Center, 1999.
Barton, John. “Intertextuality and the ‘Final Form’ of the Text.” In Congress Volume, Oslo, 1998, ed. A. LeMaire and M. Sæbo, 33-44. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
Berlin, Adele. Poetics and Interpretation of Biblical Narrative. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1994.
Fishbane, Michael. Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel. Oxford: Clarendon, 1985.
________. “Revelation and Tradition: Aspects of Inner-Biblical Exegesis.” JBL 99 (1980): 343-61.
________. “Types of Biblical Intertextuality.” In Congress Volume, Oslo, 1998, ed. A. Lemaire and M. Sæbo. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
Fokkelman, J. P. Narrative Art in Genesis. Amsterdam: van Gorcum, 1975.
Geller, Stephen A. Sacred Enigmas: Literary Religion in the Hebrew Bible. New York: Routledge, 1996.
________. “Through Windows and Mirrors into the Bible: History, Literature and Language in the Study of the Text.” In A Sense of Text: The Art of Language in the Study of Biblical Literature, ed. Leon Nemoy, 3-40. JQR Supp. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1983.
Longman, T. Literary Approaches to Biblical Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987.
Mathews, Kenneth A. “Literary Criticism of the Old Testament.” In Foundations for Biblical Interpretation, ed., D. S. Dockery, K. A. Mathews, and R. B. Sloan, 205-31. Nashville: Broadman and Holman, 1994.
Schultz, Richard L. The Search for Quotation: Verbal Parallels in the Prophets. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1999.
Ska, J. L. “Our Fathers Have Told Us”: Introduction to the Analysis of Hebrew Narratives. Rome: Editrice Pontificio Instituto Biblico, 1990.

Hebrew Poetry

Alonso-Schökel, Luis. A Manual of Hebrew Poetics. Subsidia Biblica. Rome: Pontifico Biblico Instituto, 1988.
Alter, Robert. The Art of Biblical Poetry. New York: Basic Books, 1985.
Avishur, Yitzhak. Studies in Hebrew and Ugaritic Psalms. New York: Magnes, 1994.
Berlin, Adele. The Dynamics of Biblical Parallelism. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1992.
Cross, F. M., and D. N. Freedman. Studies in Ancient Yahwistic Poetry. Missoula, MT: Scholars, 1975.
Freedman, David Noel. Pottery, Poetry, and Prophecy: Studies in Early Hebrew Poetry. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1980.
Geller, Stephen A. Parallelism in Early Hebrew Poetry. Missoula, MT: Scholars, 1979.
________. “A Poetic Analysis of Isaiah 40:1-2.” HTR 77 (1984): 413-20.
________. “Theory and Method in the Study of Biblical Poetry.” JQR 78 (1982): 65-77.
________. “Were the Prophets Poets?” Prooftexts 3 (1983): 211-21.
Gray, George Buchanan. The Forms of Hebrew Poetry. Jerusalem: KTAV, 1972.
Kugel, James L. The Idea of Biblical Poetry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981.
Kuntz, Kenneth. “Biblical Hebrew Poetry in Recent Research, Part 1.” CRBS 6 (1998): 31-64.
________. “Biblical Hebrew Poetry in Recent Research, Part II.” CRBS 7 (1999): 35-79.
________. “Engaging the Psalms: Gains and Trends in Recent Research.” CRBS 2 (1994): 77-122.
van der Meer, Willem, and Johannes C. de Moor, eds. The Structural Analysis of Biblical and Canaanite Poetry. Sheffield: JSOT, 1988.
Watson, Wilfred G. E. Classical Hebrew Poetry: A Guide to Its Techniques. JSOTSS. Sheffield: JSOT, 1986.

HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY

Introductory Works

Aharoni, Yohanan. The Land of the Bible. Translated and edited by Anson F. Rainey. Rev. ed. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1979.
Currid, John D. Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1997.
DeVaux, Roland. Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961.
King, Philip J., and Lawrence E. Stager. Life in Biblical Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2001.
Mathews, Victor. Social World of the Hebrew Prophets. Peabody: Hendrickson, 2001.
McNutt, Paula. Reconstructing the Society of Ancient Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1999.
Pedersen, Johannes. Israel: Its Life and Culture. Vols. 1-2. Atlanta: Scholars, 1991.
Perdue, Leo, Joseph Blenkinsopp, John J. Collins, and Carol Meyers. Families in Ancient Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1997.
Pritchard, James B. Ancient Near Eastern Texts. 2nd ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1955.

Archaeology and the Old Testament

Ben-Tor, Amnon, ed. The Archaeology of Ancient Israel. Translated by R. Greenberg. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.
Dever, William G. What Did the Biblical Writers Know, and When Did They Know It? What Archaeology Can Tell Us about the Reality of Ancient Israel. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001.
Finkelstein, Israel. “The Date of the Settlement of the Philistines in Canaan.” Tel Aviv 22 (1995): 213-39.
________. “The Archaeology of the United Monarchy: An Alternative.” Levant 28 (1996): 177-87.
Hoerth, Alfred J. Archaeology and the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998.
Isserlin, B. J. “The Israelite Conquest of Canaan: A Comparative Review of the Arguments Applicable.” PEQ (115): 85-94.
Mazar, Amihai. Archaeology of the Land of the Bible. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
________. “Iron Age Chronology: A Reply to I. Finkelstein.” Levant 29 (1997): 157-67.
Richard, Suzanne, ed. Near Eastern Archaeology: A Reader. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2003.
Wood, Bryant G. “Did the Israelites Conquer Jericho: A New Look at the Archaeological Evidence.” BAR 16:2 (1990): 44-58.

Historiography

Finkelstein, J. J. “Mesopotamian Historiography.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 107 (1963): 461-72.
Hallo, W. W. “Assyrian Historiography Revisited.” EI 14 (1978): 1-7.
Herion, Gary A. “The Impact of Modern and Social Science Assumptions on the Reconstruction of Israelite History.”
JSOT 34 (1986): 3-33.
Hoffmeier, James K., ed. Faith, Tradition and History: Old Testament Historiography in Its Near Eastern Context. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1994.
Hoffner, Harry A., Jr. “Histories and Historians of the Ancient Near East: The Hittites.” Or 49 (1980): 283-332.
Kitchen, K. A. “Historical Method and Early Hebrew Tradition.” TynBul 17 (1966): 63-97.
Kofoed, Jens Bruun. Text and History: The Old Testament Texts as a Source for the History of Israel. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2005.
Long, V. Philips. The Art of Biblical History. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994.
________, ed. Israel’s Past in Present Research: Essays on Ancient Israelite Historiography. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1999.
Miller, J. Maxwell. The Old Testament and the Historian. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1986.
Porter, J. R. “Old Testament Historiography.” In Tradition and Interpretation, ed. G. W. Anderson, 125-62. Oxford: Clarendon, 1979.
Provan, Ian W. “Ideologies, Literary and Critical: Reflections on Recent Writing on the History of Israel.” JBL 114 (1995): 585-606.
Reid, Garnett H. “Minimalism and Biblical History.” BSac 155 (1998): 394-410.
Sasson, Jack M. “On Choosing Models for Recreating Israelite Pre-Monarchic History.” JSOT 21 (1981): 3-24.
Younger, K. Lawson, Jr. Ancient Conquest Accounts: A Study in Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical History Writing. JSOTSup 98. Sheffield: JSOT, 1990.

OT History
Israel

Albertz, Rainer. A History of Israelite Religion in the Old Testament Period. 2 vols. Translated by John Bowden. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1994.
________. Israel in Exile: The History and Literature of the Sixth Century B.C.E. Atlanta: SBL, 2003.
Bright, John. A History of Israel. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Westminster, 2000.
Davies, Philip R. In Search of Ancient Israel. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1992.
Grabbe, Lester L. Can a History of Israel be Written? Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1997.
Halpern, Baruch. “The State of Israelite History.” In Reconsidering Israel and Judah: Recent Studies on the Deuteronomistic History, ed. Gary N. Knoppers and J. Gordon McConville, 540-65. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2000.
Hoffmeier, James Karl. Israel in Egypt: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Exodus Tradition. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Kitchen, Kenneth A. On the Reliability of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993.
Miller, J. Maxwell, and John H. Hayes. A History of Ancient Israel and Judah. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1986.
Provan, Iain, V. Philips Long, and Tremper Longman, III. A Biblical History of Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2003.
Redford, Donald B. Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.

Ancient Near Eastern History

Briant, Pierre. From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire. Translated by Peter T. Daniels. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2002.
Dothan, Trude, and Moshe Dothan. People of the Sea: The Search for the Philistines. New York: Macmillan, 1992.
Kramer, Samuel Noah. The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963.
Oppenheim, Leo. Ancient Mesopotamia. Rev. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977.
Tadmor, H. and M. Weinfeld, eds. History, Historiography and Interpretation: Studies in Biblical and Cuneiform Literatures. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1983.
Yamauchi, Edwin M. Persia and the Bible. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1990.

Religion and Institutions

Alt, Albrecht. Essays on Old Testament History and Religion. Translated by R. A. Wilson. Garden City: Doubleday, 1968.
Clements, R. E. God and Temple. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1965.
Cross, Frank Moore. Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic: Essays in the History of the Religion of Israel. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973.
Day, John. God’s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea. Echoes of a Canaanite Myth in the Old Testament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.
Gaster, Theodore H. Myth, Legend, and Custom in the Old Testament. 2 vols. Reprint ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1975.
Haran, Menahem. Temples and Temple Service. Oxford: Clarendon, 1978.
Hillers, D. Covenant: The History of a Biblical Idea. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1969.
Kaufmann, Y. The Religion of Israel. Translated by M. Greenberg. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960.
Keel, Othmar and Christoph Uehlinger. Gods, Goddesses, and Images of God: In Ancient Israel. Translated by A. W. Mahnke. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1997.
Kraus, Joachim. Worship in Ancient Israel. Richmond: John Knox, 1966.
McCarthy, D. J. Treaty and Covenant. Rev. ed. Rome: Biblical Institute, 1981.
Mendenhall, George E. Law and Covenant in Israel and the Ancient Near East. Pittsburgh: Biblical Colloquium, 1955.
Miller, Patrick. The Religion of Ancient Israel. Philadelphia: Westminster John Knox, 2000.
Mullen, E. T. The Assembly of the Gods: The Divine Council in Canaanite and Early Hebrew Literature. HSM 24. Chico, CA: Scholars, 1980.
Weinfeld, Moshe. “The Covenant of Grant in the Old Testament and in the Ancient Near East.” JAOS 90 (1970).

OLD TESTAMENT THEOLOGY

Baker, David. Two Testaments, One Bible: A Study of the Theological Relationship between the Old and New Testaments. Rev. ed. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1991.
Barr, James. The Concept of Biblical Theology: An Old Testament Perspective. Minneapolis:
Fortress, 1999.
Blaising, Craig. “The Future of Israel as a Theological Question.” JETS 44 (2001): 435-50.
Blenkinsopp, Joseph. “Old Testament Theology and the Jewish-Christian Connection.” JSOT 28 (1984): 3-15.
Brueggemann, Walter. Theology of the Old Testament: Testimony, Dispute, Advocacy. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1997.
Childs, Brevard. Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments: Theological Reflection on Christian Bible. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1993. Pages 1-94 only.
Collins, John J. “Is a Critical Biblical Theology Possible?” In The Hebrew Bible and Its Interpreters, eds. W. H. Propp, et al. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1990.
Depmster, Stephen. Dominion and Dynasty: A Biblical Theology of the Hebrew Bible. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003.
Dumbrell, William J. Covenant and Creation: An Old Testament Covenantal Theology. London: Paternoster, 1984.
Eichrodt, W. Theology of the Old Testament. Translated by J. A. Baker. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1961-65.
Fretheim, Terence E. The Suffering of God: An Old Testament Perspective. Overtures to Biblical Theology. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.
Goldingay, John. Israel’s Gospel. Vol. 1 of Old Testament Theology. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2003.
Gowan, Donald E. Eschatology in the Old Testament. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Fortress, 2000.
________. Theology in Exodus. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1994.
Hasel, Gerhard. Old Testament Theology: Basic Issues in the Current Debate. 4th ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.
________. “Proposals for a Canonical Biblical Theology.” AUSS 34 (1996): 23-33.
________. “Recent Models of Biblical Theology: Three Major Perspectives.” AUSS 33 (1995): 55-75.
Hayes, John H. and Frederick Prussne
r. Old Testament Theology: Its History and Development. Atlanta: John Knox, 1985.
House, Paul R. Old Testament Theology. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1998.
Longman, Tremper III, and D. Reid. God is a Warrior: Studies in Old Testament Biblical Theology. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995.
Ollenburger, B. C., et al, eds. The Flowering of Old Testament Theology. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1992.
Preuss, Horst Dietrich. Old Testament Theology. 2 vols. The Old Testament Library. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1995-96.
Rendtorff, Rolf. The Canonical Hebrew Bible: A Theology of the Old Testament. Leiden: Deo, 2005.
Sailhamer, John H. Introduction to Old Testament Theology: A Canonical Approach. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995.
von Rad, Gerhard. Old Testament Theology. Translated by D. M. G. Stalker. 2 vols. The Old Testament Library. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2001.
Waltke, Bruce K. “The Book of Proverbs and Old Testament Theology.” BSac 136 (1979): 302-17.
________. “The Phenomenon of Conditionality within Unconditional Covenants.” In Israel’s Apostasy and Restoration, ed. A. Gileadi, 123-39. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1988.
Wright, G. Ernest. The God Who Acts. London: SCM, 1952.

PENTATEUCH

Alt, Albrecht. “The Origins of Israelite Law.” In Essays on Old Testament History and Religion, 79-132. Oxford: Blackwell, 1966; reprint, Garden City: Doubleday, 1968.
Blenkinsopp, Joseph. Wisdom and Law in the Old Testament. Rev. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Carmichael, Calum. The Origins of Biblical Law: The Decalogues and the Book of the Covenant. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992.
Gunkel, Hermann. The Legends of Genesis. New York: Schocken, 1964.
Heidel, Alexander. The Babylonian Genesis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951.
Kikawada, Isaac M., and Arthur Quinn. Before Abraham Was: The Unity of Genesis 1-11. Nashville: Abingdon, 1985.
Mathews, Kenneth. Genesis 1-11. Nashville: Broadman and Holman, 1996.
Sailhamer, John. The Pentateuch as Narrative. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1992.
________. “The Mosaic Law and the Theology of the Pentateuch.” WTJ 53 (1991): 241-61.
Thompson, Thomas L. The Historicity of the Patriarchal Narratives. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1974.
Van Seters, Abraham in History and Tradition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975.
Weinfeld, Moshe. Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomistic School. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972.

PROPHECY

Albright, William F. “Samuel and the Beginnings of the Prophetic Movement.” In Interpreting the Prophetic Tradition, ed. H. Orlinsky, 151-76. Cincinnati: Hebrew Union, 1969.
Barton, John. Oracles of God: Perceptions of Ancient Prophecy in Israel after the Exile. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Blenkinsopp, Joseph. A History of Prophecy in Israel. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1983.
Bright, John. Covenant and Promise: The Prophetic Understanding of the Future in Preexilic Israel. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1976.
Clements, R. E. Old Testament Prophecy: From Oracles to Canon. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1996.
Gowan, Donald E. Theology of the Prophetic Books: The Death and Resurrection of Israel. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1998.
Koch, Klaus. The Prophets. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983-1984.
________. The Rediscovery of Apocalyptic: A Polemical Work on a Neglected Area of Biblical Studies and Its Damaging Effects on Theology and Philosophy. Studies in Biblical Theology. London: SCM, 1972.
Lindblom, Johannes. Prophecy in Ancient Israel. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1962.
McKane, William. Prophets and Wise Men. London: SCM, 1965.
Petersen, David. The Roles of Israel’s Prophets. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 17. Sheffield: JSOT, 1981.
Sawyer, John F. Prophecy and the Biblical Prophets. Rev. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
VanGemeren, Willem A. Interpreting the Prophetic Word. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1990.
Westermann, Claus. Basic Forms of Prophetic Speech. Translated by H. C. White. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1991.
Wilson, Robert R. Prophecy and Society in Ancient Israel. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.

WISDOM

Blenkinsopp, John. Wisdom and Law in the Old Testament. Rev. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Clements, Ronald E. Wisdom in Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1992.
Crenshaw, J. L. Education in Ancient Israel: Across the Deadening Silence. Garden City: Doubleday, 1998.
________, ed. Studies in Ancient Israelite Wisdom. New York: KTAV, 1976.
Day, John, Robert P. Gordon, and Hugh G. M. Williamson, eds. Wisdom in Ancient Israel. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995
Gammie, John G., and Leo G. Perdue, eds. The Sage in Israel and the Ancient Near East. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1990.
Geller, Stephen A. “Wisdom, Nature and Piety in Some Biblical Psalms.” In Riches Hidden in Secret Places: Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Memory of Thorkild Jacobsen, ed. Tzvi Abusch. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2002.
Hurvitz, A. “Wisdom Vocabulary in the Hebrew Bible: A Contribution to the Study of ‘Wisdom Psalms.’“ VT 38 (1988): 41-51.
Murphy, Roland. The Tree of Life: An Exploration of Biblical Wisdom Literature. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996.
Perdue, Leo G., B. Scott, and W. J. Wiseman, eds. In Search of Wisdom: Essays in Memory of
John G. Gammie. Louisville: Westminster, John Knox, 1993.
________. Wisdom & Creation: The Theology of Wisdom Literature. Nashville: Abingdon, 1994.
Scott, R. B. Y. The Way of Wisdom in the Old Testament. New York: Macmillan, 1971.
Skehan, Patrick W. Studies in Israelite Poetry and Wisdom. Washington, DC: Catholic Biblical Association, 1971.
von Rad, Gerhard. Wisdom in Israel. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity, 1972.
Weeks, Stuart. Early Israelite Wisdom. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Wright, Addison G. “The Riddle of the Sphinx: The Structure of the Book of Qoheleth.” CBQ 30 (1968): 313-4.
Zimmerli, W. “Concerning the Structure of Old Testament Wisdom.” In Studies in Ancient Israelite Wisdom, ed. H. Orlinsky, 175-207. New York: KTAV, 1976.
________. “The Place and Limit of Wisdom in the Framework of the Old Testament Theology.” SJT 17 (1963): 146-58.

APOCALYPTIC

Blenkinsopp, Joseph. Prophecy and Canon: A Contribution to the Study of Jewish Origins. South Bend, IN: Notre Dame University Press, 1977.
Clifford, R. J. The Cosmic Mountain in Canaan and the Old Testament. HSM 4. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.
Collins, John J. The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to the Jewish Matrix of Christianity. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.
________. “The Place of Apocalypticism in the Religion of Israel.” In Ancient Israelite Religion: Essays in Honor of Frank Moore Cross, ed. P. D. Miller, Jr., P. D. Hanson, and S. D. McBride, 539-74. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987.
Hanson, Paul D. The Dawn of Apocalyptic: The Historical and Sociological Roots of Jewish Apocalyptic Eschatology. Rev. ed. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1979.
Hellholm, David, ed. Apocalypticism in the Mediterranean World and the Near East: Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Apocalypticism, Uppsala, August 12-17, 1979. 2nd enl. ed. Tübingen: Mohr, 1989.
Miller, P. D., Jr. The Divine Warrior in Early Israel. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973.
Stone, M. “Lists of Revealed Things in the Apocalyptic Literature.” In Magnalia Dei: The Mighty Acts of God, ed. F. M. Cross,
Jr., et al, 414-52. Garden City: Doubleday, 1976.

BIBLICAL HEBREW

Grammars

Bergsträsser, G. Hebräische Grammatik. Leipzig: F. C. W. Vogel, 1918.
Joüon, P., and T. Muraoka, A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew. 2 vols. Rome: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 1991.
Kautsch, E. Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar. Edited by A. E. Cowley. Oxford: Clarendon, 1978.
Lambdin, Thomas O. Introduction to Biblical Hebrew. New York: Scribners, 1971.
Waltke, Bruce, and Michael O’Connor. An Introduction to Biblical Syntax. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1990.

History of the Hebrew Language/ Linguistics

Barr, James. The Semantics of Biblical Language. Reprint ed. London: SCM, 1983.
Blau, Joshua. “Hebrew and North West Semitic: Reflections on the Classification of the Semitic Languages.” HAR 2 (1978): 21-41.
________. Topics in Hebrew and Semitic Linguistics. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1998.
Fensham, F. C. “The Use of the Suffix Conjugation and the Prefix Conjugation in a Few Old Hebrew Poems.” JNSL 6 (1978): 9-18.
Garr, W. Randall. Dialect Geography of Syria-Palestine 1000-586 BCE. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985.
Gogel, Sandra. A Grammar of Epigraphic Hebrew. Atlanta: Scholars, 1998.
Harris, Zelig S. Development of the Canaanite Dialects. New Haven: American Oriental Society, 1939.
Hurvitz, Avi. “Can Biblical Texts be Dated Linguistically? Chronological Perspectives in the Historical Study of Biblical Hebrew.” In Congress Volume: Oslo, 1998, ed. A. Lemaire and M. Sæbo, 143-60. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
Kahle, Paul. The Cairo Genizah. London: Oxford University Press, 1947. Pp. 86-110.
Lyons, John. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968.
Moscati, Sabatino, et al. An Introduction to the Comparative Study of the Semitic Languages. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1964.
Kutscher, E. Y. A History of the Hebrew Language. Edited by R. Kutscher. Leiden: Brill, 1982.
Qimron, E. The Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Atlanta: Scholars, 1986.
________. “Observations on the History of Early Hebrew (1000 BCE – 200 CE) in the Light of the Dead Sea Documents.” In The Dead Sea Scrolls: Forty Years of Research, ed. D. Dimant and U. Rappaport, 351-61. Leiden: Brill, 1992.
Rooker, Mark F. “Dating Isaiah 40-66: What Does the Linguistic Evidence Say?” WTJ 58 (1996): 303-12.
________. “Diachronic Analysis and the Features of Late Biblical Hebrew.” Bulletin for Biblical Research 4 (1994): 135-44.
________. “The Diachronic Study of Biblical Hebrew.” JNSL 14 (1988): 199-214.
________. “Ezekiel and the Typology of Biblical Hebrew.” HAR 12 (1990): 133-55.
Sáenz-Badillos, Angel. A History of the Hebrew Language. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Phonology, Orthography, and Writing

Freedman, David Noel, and Frank Moore Cross, Jr. Early Hebrew Orthography. New Haven: American Oriental Society, 1952.
Gelb, I. J. A Study of Writing. Rev. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963.
Kaufman, Stephen A. “The Pitfalls of Typology: On the Early History of the Alphabet.” HUCA 57 (1986): 1-14.
Lambdin, Thomas O. “Philippi’s Law Reconsidered.” In Biblical and Related Studies Presented to Samuel Iwry, ed. A. Kort and S. Morschauser, 135-45. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1985.
Orlinsky, H. M. “The Origin of the Kethib-Qere System.” In Congress Volume: Oxford 1959, 184-92. VTSup 7. Leiden: Brill, 1960.
Speiser, Ephraim A. “The Shibboleth Incident (Judges 12:6).” In Oriental and Biblical Studies, ed. J. F. Finkelstein and M. Greenberg, 143-50. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1967.

Miscellaneous

Andersen, Francis I. The Hebrew Verbless Clause in the Pentateuch. Nashville: Abingdon, 1970.
Kaufman, Stephen A. “An Emphatic Plea for Please.” MAARAV 7 (1991): 195-98.
Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Student ed. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
Miller, Patrick D. “Vocative Lamed in the Psalter: A Reconsideration.” UF 11 (1979): 617-37.
Sagarin, James L. Hebrew Noun Patterns (Mishqalim). Atlanta: Scholars, 1987.

Verbs

Blake, Frank R. “The Hebrew WAW Conversive.” JBL 63 (1944): 271-95.
Driver, S. R. A Treatise on the Use of the Tenses in Hebrew (with a new introduction by W. Randall Garr). Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.
Greenstein, Edward L. “On the Prefixed Preterite in Biblical Hebrew.” HS 29 (1988): 7-33.
Goetze, Albert. “The So-called Intensive of the Semitic Languages.” JAOS 62 (1942): 1-8.
Held, Moshe. “The Action-Result (Factitive-Passive) Sequence of Identical Verbs in Biblical Hebrew and Ugaritic.” JBL 84 (1965): 272-82.
________. “The YQTL-QTL (QTL-YQTL) Sequence of Identical Verbs in Biblical Hebrew and in Ugaritic.” In Studies and Essays in Honor of Abraham A. Neuman, ed. M. Ben-Horin, B. C. Weinryb, and S. Zeitlin, 281-90. Leiden: Brill, 1962.
Huehnergard, John. “The Early Hebrew Prefix-Conjugation.” HS 29 (1988): 19-23.
Klein, George. “The Prophetic Perfect.” JNSL 16 (1990): 45-60.
McFall, Leslie. The Enigma of the Hebrew Verbal System: Solutions from Ewald to the Present. Sheffield: Almond, 1982.
Rainey, Anson F. “Further Remarks on the Hebrew Verbal System.” HS 29 (1988): 35-42.
Smith, Mark S. The Origins and Development of the Waw-Consecutive: Northwest Semitic Evidence from Ugarit to Qumran. HSS 39. Atlanta: Scholars, 1991.
Zevit, Ziony. “Solving a Problem of the YAQTÚL Past Tense.” HS 29 (1988): 25-33.

BIBLICAL ARAMAIC

Translation

Aramaic portions of Daniel and Ezra from BHS
Aramaic Papyri No. 30 (Elephantine)

Grammars and Readings

Driver, G. R. Aramaic Documents of the Fifth Century B. C. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968.
Gibson, J. C. L. Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions, vol. 2, Aramaic Inscriptions, Including Inscriptions in the Dialect of Zenjirli. Oxford: Clarendon, 1975.
Greenspahn, Frederick. An Introduction to Aramaic. Atlanta: Scholars, 1999.
Rosenthal, Franz. A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1974.

UGARITIC

Translation

Texts from Cyrus Gordon’s Ugaritic Grammar – 68:6-26; 137:16-34; 1184; 1032.

Grammars and Resources

Avishur, Yitzhak. Studies in Hebrew and Ugaritic Psalms. Jerusalem: Magnes, 1994.
Brooke, George J., A. Curtis, and J. F. Healey, eds. Ugarit and the Bible: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ugarit and the Bible. Münster: Ugarit Verlag, 1994.
Clifford, R. J. The Cosmic Mountain in Canaan and Old Testament. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1972.
Craigie, P. C. “Parallel Word Pairs in Ugaritic Poetry.” UF 11 (1979): 135-40.
Dahood, M. J. Proverbs and Northwest Semitic Philology. Rome: Pontifico Biblico Instituto, 1971.
Gordon, Cyrus H. Ugaritic Textbook: Grammar. Analecta Orientalia 38. Rome: Pontificum Institutum Biblicum, 1965.
Korpel, Marjo, and J. C. deMoor. “Fundamentals of Ugaritic and Hebrew Poetry.” UF 18 (1986): 173-212.
Miller, P. D. The Divine Warrior in Early Israel. HSM 5. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1973.< /li>
Pardee, Dennis. Ritual and Cult at Ugarit. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
________. “Ugaritic Studies at the End of the 20th Century.” BASOR 320 (2000): 49-86.
Parker, Simon B. Ugaritic Narrative Poetry. Translated by Mark S. Smith, et.al. Writings from the Ancient World. Winona Lake: Scholars Press, 1997.
Egert, S. A Basic Grammar of the Ugaritic Language: With Selected Texts and Glossary. Berkley: University of California, 1984.
Sivan, D. A Grammar of the Ugaritic Language. Leiden: Brill, 2001.

QUMRAN AND NW SEMITIC INSCRIPTIONS

Translation – Paleo-Hebrew

The Gezer Calendar; The Siloam Tunnel Inscription; Yavneh Yam (Mesad Hashavyahu); The Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone); Lachish Letters (?) 2, 3, 4

Translation – Qumran

1QIsa (Is. 42:1-17); The Rule of the Community – Cols. 1-3; Temple Scroll – Col. 45:7-47

Readings in Northwest Semitic Inscriptions

Ahituv, S. Handbook of Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions. 1992.
Albright, William F. “The Gezer Calendar.” BASOR 92 (1943): 16-26.
Amusin, J. D., and M. L. Heltzer. “The Inscription from Mesad Hashavyahu.” IEJ 14 (1964): 148-59.
Cross, Frank Moore, Jr. “The Development of the Jewish Scripts.” In The Bible and the Ancient Near East, ed. G. E. Wright, 133-202. New York: Doubleday, 1961.
________. “The Origin and Early Evolution of the Alphabet.” ErIsr 8 (1967): 8-24.
Davies, G. I. Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions: Corpus and Concordance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Dearman, Andrew, ed. Studies in the Mesha Inscription and Moab. Atlanta: Scholars, 1989.
Faust, Avraham. “A Note on Hezekiah’s Tunnel and the Siloam Inscription.” JSOT 90 (2000): 3-9.
Moran, William L., trans. and ed. The Amarna Letters. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
Parker, Simon B. Stories in Scripture and Inscriptions: Comparative Studies on Narratives in Northwest Semitic Inscriptions and the Hebrew Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Qumran Readings and Resources

Abegg, Martin G. “The Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls.” In The Dead Sea Scrolls After Fifty Years: A Comprehensive Assessment, ed. P. W. Flint and J. C. Vanderkam, 325-58. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
Cross, Frank Moore, Jr. The Ancient Library of Qumran. Rev. ed. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1995.
Cross, Frank Moore, Jr., and Shemaryahu Talmon. Qumran and the History of the Biblical Text. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1975.
Dimant, Devorah. “The Library of Qumran: Its Content and Character.” In The Dead Sea Scrolls After Fifty Years: A Comprehensive Assessment, ed. P. W. Flint and J. C. Vanderkam, 379-402. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
Flint, Peter. “The Book of Psalms in the Light of the Dead Sea Scrolls.” VT 48 (1998): 453-72.
Herbert, E. D., and E. Tov, eds. The Bible as Book: The Hebrew Bible and Judaean Desert Discoveries. New Castle: Oak Knoll, 2002.
Klein, Ralph W. Textual Criticism of the Old Testament: The Septuagint after Qumran. GBS. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1974.
Mathews, K. A. “The Background of the Paleo-Hebrew Texts at Qumran.” In The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth: Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman, ed. C. L. Meyers and M. O’Connor, 549-68. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1983.
Tov, Emanuel. “Scribal Practices Reflected in the Texts from the Judaean Desert.” In The Dead Sea Scrolls After Fifty Years: A Comprehensive Assessment, ed. P. W. Flint and J. C. Vanderkam, 403-29. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
Ulrich, Eugene. “The Bible in the Making: The Scriptures Found at Qumran.” In The Bible at Qumran: Text, Shape, and Interpretation, ed. P. W. Flint, 51-66. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001.
Vanderkam, James and Peter Flint. The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls. New York: HarperCollins, 2004.

April 23, 2007 by kevinstilley

Recommendations for Proverbs Commentaries

Daniel J. Phillips, who blogs at Pyromaniacs, Biblical Christianity, and Hellenisti Ginoskeis, has been studying from the Proverbs.

He has recently reviewed some modern commentaries on Proverbs. He regards as indispensable the two volume New International Commentary on Proverbs written by Bruce Waltke and and the Tyndale Old Testament commentary on Proverbs written by Derek Kidner. He also recommends, but much less enthusiastically, Tremper Longman’s commentary on Proverbs in the Baker series and Duane Garrett’s New American Commentary on Proverbs. But, for devotional or preaching purposes he writes that Charles Bridges’ commentary on Proverbs is “hard to beat.”

He is presently working through John Kitchen’s Mentor Commentary on Proverbs so be sure to keep an eye on his blogs as I am sure he will be reviewing it on one of them.

* * * * *

Here is audio from a sermon Dan preached out of Proverbs at his church.

And here are some of his blog posts:

March 30, 2007 by kevinstilley

Nijay K. Gupta’s bibliography on the Old Testament in the New

Nijay K. Gupta has published a helpful bibliography on the use of the Old Testament in the New Testament. I copy below the portion of his bibliography on Paul’s use of the Old Testament. You can find the complete bibliography and additional resources on his website by CLICKING HERE.

Paul’s Use of the Old Testament in the New Testament (Background, Hermeneutics, etc…)

Aageson, J.W. Written Also for Our Sake: Paul and the Art of Biblical Interpretation. Louisville: JK, 1993.

Ellis, E.E. Paul’s Use of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1981 [original printing 1957].

Evans, C.A. and J.A. Sanders, Paul and the Scriptures of Israel. Sheffield: JSOT, 1994.

Hanson, A.T. Studies on Paul’s Technique and Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974.

Hays, R.B. Echoes of Scripture in the Letters of Paul. New Haven: Yale UP, 1989.

_______. Conversion of the Imagination. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2005.

Koch, D.A. Die Schrift als Zeuge des Evangeloums: Untersuchungen zur Verwendung und zum Verstandnis der Schrift bei Paulus. Tuebingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1986.

Silva, M. ‘Old Testament in Paul’. In Dictionary of Paul and His Letters. Edited by G.F. Hawthorne, R.P. Martin and D.G. Reid, 630-42. Downer’s Grove, Ill.: IVP, 1993.

Stanley, C.D. Paul and the Language of Scripture: Citation Technique in the Pauline Epistles and Contemporary Literature. Cambridge: UP, 1993.

Watson, F. Paul and the Hermeneutics of Faith. London: T & T Clark, 2004.

March 20, 2007 by kevinstilley

An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax, by Bruce Waltke and M. O’Connor

William Barrick, Professor of Old Testament at The Master’s Theological Seminary, has given a very positive review of Waltke and O’Connor’s intermediate grammar An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax.

“An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax (IBHS) provides the students of biblical Hebrew with the most up to date and scholarly grammar written in the English language. The authors make it clear that their volume does not replace other reference grammars. Their reasoning is both honest and accurate-IBHS is not exhaustive either in treating exceptions or even in covering all matters of syntax and grammar. This grammar, however, is so well written that we can only hope that Waltke and O’Connor will see fit to complete this magnificent offering in a second volume that would treat the remaining elements of Hebrew syntax with the same excellence manifested in this work.”

Go HERE for the full review.

March 20, 2007 by kevinstilley

New American Commentary on 1, 2 Kings — Paul House

William Barrick, Professor of Old Testament at The Master’s Theological Seminary, has recommended Paul House’s commentary on 1 & 2 Kings from the New American Commentary Series.

“Are you looking for a simple commentary on 1st and 2nd Kings that isn’t too shallow and doesn’t ignore problems? This is the commentary you have been looking for. Paul House provides lucid comments on the text of these two biblical books in their historical and cultural setting. He doesn’t stop there, however. At the conclusion of major sections of the Books of Kings, House describes the significance of the passage to the biblical canon and to pertinent subjects in Old Testament theology. Once the full meaning of the text has been presented, the author proceeds to suggest how the teachings apply to the lives of today’s Christians.”

Go HERE for the full review.

Early Western Civilization classroom resources

Early Western Civilization midterm exam

Hell Is War : Discussion Questions [Russell Moore]

Speaker: Russell Moore
Sermon Topic: “Hell Is War: The Awful Violence of Wanting”
Texts: Exodus 20:17; James 4:1-3