The most important questions that will ever be asked in this world are those regarding the identity of Jesus of Nazareth. Who was he? What was his mission? Why did he die? Was he resurrected?
Jesus, himself, asked his disciples, “Who do men say that I am?” Below you will find some of the answers that have been offered; many of the thoughts being far removed from what the Bible teaches.
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Message: The Saving Power of God
Speaker: Dr. Steve Lawson
This message was presented at the Ligonier Ministries’ 2008 National Conference “Evangelism According to Jesus”.
What is the gospel of the Old Testament? Who owns the gospel? And what is the essence of the gospel? Dr. Steve Lawson answers these questions and more as he reminds us of the primacy of the gospel of God as we seek to honor Christ in our evangelism.
What is the doctrine of divine omnipotence?
How does the doctrine of divine omnipotence relate to the salvation of men?
What is the source of the gospel? From whom did it come? Who is its author?
If the gospel is God’s gospel, what is our role in presenting it to others?
When Jesus preached and ministered the gospel, what was his message and ministry?
How does the gospel of the New Testament relate to the gospel of the Old Testament?
What is the protoevangelium?
How many ways of salvation are presented in the Old and New Testaments?
What is the content of the gospel? What is the essence of the gospel?
Why is it important that Jesus was both fully man and fully God?
The speaker says that we have not shared the gospel until we have shared the message of the person and work of Jesus Christ? What are the implications of this for evangelism?
Of does the speaker mean when he speaks of the effectual call of God?
He says that all who received the gospel desire to serve the gospel? Do you think this is true? How does this relate to the subject of Christian stewardship?
The gospel saves from what?
What is the object of God’s wrath?
What is the way to be saved from the wrath of God?
What is the scope of the gospel? Who is it for?
What is the substance of the gospel? What does it mean that the righteousness of God is revealed in the gospel?
How is the gospel received? What does sola fide mean?
When a person places their faith in Christ, why are they no longer subject to wrath?
How does the story of Martin Luther relate to this message?
How does this message relate to you?
In Ronald H. Nash’s book Christianity & The Hellenistic World
Armstrong, A. H. An Introduction to Ancient Philosophy
Armstrong’s book is the clearest and best-written introduction to ancient and Hellenistic philosophy available.
Clark, Gordon H. Selections From Hellenistic Philosophy
Clark not only supplies lengthy selections from major Hellenistic thinkers but also provides helpful introductions that often relate the subject to Christianity.
Cullmann, Oscar. The Christology of the New Testament
Cullmann’s account includes important criticisms of Bousset and others who argued that early Christianity’s picture of Jesus was influenced by paganism.
Davies, W.D. and Dabue, D., eds. The Background of the New Testament and its Eschatology
This collection of scholarly essays contains a number of chapters that deal with questions raised in this book [Christianity & The Hellenistic World
Kim, Seyoon. The Origin of Paul’s Gospel
A Korean scholar updates the argument of Machen’s Origin of Paul’s Religion.
Machen, J. Gresham. The Origin of Paul’s Religion
Still a classic in spite of its age, Machen’s work is outdated for the most part only in its treatment of Gnosticism.
Marshall, I. Howard, ed. New Testament Interpretation: Essays on Principles and Methods
Another collection of essays, many of which are relevant to the concerns of this book [Christianity & The Hellenistic World
Metzger, Bruce M. “Methodology in the Study of the Mystery Religions and Early Christianity.” Chapter 1 in Historical and Literary Studies: Pagan, Jewish, and Christian
Required reading on the relationship between Christianity and the mystery religions.
Nock, A. D. “Early Gentile Christianity and Its Hellenistic Background.” In Essays on the Trinity and the Incarnation
As old as it is, Nock’s essay is still relevant to the debate.
Rahner, Hugo. “The Christian Mystery and the Pagan Mysteries.” In Pagan and Christian Mysteries
Another indispensable source, this time by a Roman Catholic scholar.
Wagner, Gunter. Pauline Baptism and the Pagan Mysteries
An extremely important book dealing with more than just baptism. It is full of much helpful material on Christianity’s alleged dependence on the mystery religions.
Wilson, Robert McL. Gnosis and the New Testament
One of many books and articles by a prominent British scholar on Christianity’s allege dependence on Gnosticism.
Yamauchi, Edwin. Pre-Christian Gnosticism
This is the first book anyone should read on the subject of Christianity and Gnosticism.
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Topic: Stoned But Not Wasted: The High Cost of Hearing From God
Speaker: Russell Moore
Scripture: Acts 6:8 – 8:3
Location: Highview Baptist Church, Louisville, Kentucky
Date: September 27, 2009
What?
So What?
Now What?
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Acts 6:8 – 8:3 (NIV)
8 Now Stephen, a man full of God’s grace and power, performed great wonders and signs among the people. 9 Opposition arose, however, from members of the Synagogue of the Freedmen (as it was called)—Jews of Cyrene and Alexandria as well as the provinces of Cilicia and Asia—who began to argue with Stephen. 10 But they could not stand up against the wisdom the Spirit gave him as he spoke.
11 Then they secretly persuaded some men to say, “We have heard Stephen speak blasphemous words against Moses and against God.”
12 So they stirred up the people and the elders and the teachers of the law. They seized Stephen and brought him before the Sanhedrin. 13 They produced false witnesses, who testified, “This fellow never stops speaking against this holy place and against the law. 14 For we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and change the customs Moses handed down to us.”
15 All who were sitting in the Sanhedrin looked intently at Stephen, and they saw that his face was like the face of an angel.
7:1 Then the high priest asked Stephen, “Are these charges true?”
2 To this he replied: “Brothers and fathers, listen to me! The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham while he was still in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Harran. 3 ‘Leave your country and your people,’ God said, ‘and go to the land I will show you.’
4 “So he left the land of the Chaldeans and settled in Harran. After the death of his father, God sent him to this land where you are now living. 5 He gave him no inheritance here, not even enough ground to set his foot on. But God promised him that he and his descendants after him would possess the land, even though at that time Abraham had no child. 6 God spoke to him in this way: ‘For four hundred years your descendants will be strangers in a country not their own, and they will be enslaved and mistreated. 7 But I will punish the nation they serve as slaves,’ God said, ‘and afterward they will come out of that country and worship me in this place.’ 8 Then he gave Abraham the covenant of circumcision. And Abraham became the father of Isaac and circumcised him eight days after his birth. Later Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob became the father of the twelve patriarchs.
9 “Because the patriarchs were jealous of Joseph, they sold him as a slave into Egypt. But God was with him 10 and rescued him from all his troubles. He gave Joseph wisdom and enabled him to gain the goodwill of Pharaoh king of Egypt. So Pharaoh made him ruler over Egypt and all his palace.
11 “Then a famine struck all Egypt and Canaan, bringing great suffering, and our ancestors could not find food. 12 When Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent our forefathers on their first visit. 13 On their second visit, Joseph told his brothers who he was, and Pharaoh learned about Joseph’s family. 14 After this, Joseph sent for his father Jacob and his whole family, seventy-five in all. 15 Then Jacob went down to Egypt, where he and our ancestors died. 16 Their bodies were brought back to Shechem and placed in the tomb that Abraham had bought from the sons of Hamor at Shechem for a certain sum of money.
17 “As the time drew near for God to fulfill his promise to Abraham, the number of our people in Egypt had greatly increased. 18 Then ‘a new king, to whom Joseph meant nothing, came to power in Egypt.’ 19 He dealt treacherously with our people and oppressed our ancestors by forcing them to throw out their newborn babies so that they would die.
20 “At that time Moses was born, and he was no ordinary child. For three months he was cared for by his family. 21 When he was placed outside, Pharaoh’s daughter took him and brought him up as her own son. 22 Moses was educated in all the wisdom of the Egyptians and was powerful in speech and action.
23 “When Moses was forty years old, he decided to visit his own people, the Israelites. 24 He saw one of them being mistreated by an Egyptian, so he went to his defense and avenged him by killing the Egyptian. 25 Moses thought that his own people would realize that God was using him to rescue them, but they did not. 26 The next day Moses came upon two Israelites who were fighting. He tried to reconcile them by saying, ‘Men, you are brothers; why do you want to hurt each other?’
27 “But the man who was mistreating the other pushed Moses aside and said, ‘Who made you ruler and judge over us? 28 Are you thinking of killing me as you killed the Egyptian yesterday?’ 29 When Moses heard this, he fled to Midian, where he settled as a foreigner and had two sons.
30 “After forty years had passed, an angel appeared to Moses in the flames of a burning bush in the desert near Mount Sinai. 31 When he saw this, he was amazed at the sight. As he went over to get a closer look, he heard the Lord say: 32 ‘I am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.’ Moses trembled with fear and did not dare to look.
33 “Then the Lord said to him, ‘Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy ground. 34 I have indeed seen the oppression of my people in Egypt. I have heard their groaning and have come down to set them free. Now come, I will send you back to Egypt.’
35 “This is the same Moses they had rejected with the words, ‘Who made you ruler and judge?’ He was sent to be their ruler and deliverer by God himself, through the angel who appeared to him in the bush. 36 He led them out of Egypt and performed wonders and signs in Egypt, at the Red Sea and for forty years in the wilderness.
37 “This is the Moses who told the Israelites, ‘God will raise up for you a prophet like me from your own people.’ 38 He was in the assembly in the wilderness, with the angel who spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our ancestors; and he received living words to pass on to us.
39 “But our ancestors refused to obey him. Instead, they rejected him and in their hearts turned back to Egypt. 40 They told Aaron, ‘Make us gods who will go before us. As for this fellow Moses who led us out of Egypt—we don’t know what has happened to him!’ 41 That was the time they made an idol in the form of a calf. They brought sacrifices to it and reveled in what their own hands had made. 42 But God turned away from them and gave them over to the worship of the sun, moon and stars. This agrees with what is written in the book of the prophets:
“‘Did you bring me sacrifices and offerings
forty years in the wilderness, people of Israel?
43 You have taken up the tabernacle of Molek
and the star of your god Rephan,
the idols you made to worship.
Therefore I will send you into exile’ beyond Babylon.
44 “Our ancestors had the tabernacle of the covenant law with them in the wilderness. It had been made as God directed Moses, according to the pattern he had seen. 45 After receiving the tabernacle, our ancestors under Joshua brought it with them when they took the land from the nations God drove out before them. It remained in the land until the time of David, 46 who enjoyed God’s favor and asked that he might provide a dwelling place for the God of Jacob. 47 But it was Solomon who built a house for him.
48 “However, the Most High does not live in houses made by human hands. As the prophet says:
49 “‘Heaven is my throne,
and the earth is my footstool.
What kind of house will you build for me?
says the Lord.
Or where will my resting place be?
50 Has not my hand made all these things?’
51 “You stiff-necked people! Your hearts and ears are still uncircumcised. You are just like your ancestors: You always resist the Holy Spirit! 52 Was there ever a prophet your ancestors did not persecute? They even killed those who predicted the coming of the Righteous One. And now you have betrayed and murdered him— 53 you who have received the law that was given through angels but have not obeyed it.”
54 When the members of the Sanhedrin heard this, they were furious and gnashed their teeth at him. 55 But Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit, looked up to heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God. 56 “Look,” he said, “I see heaven open and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God.”
57 At this they covered their ears and, yelling at the top of their voices, they all rushed at him, 58 dragged him out of the city and began to stone him. Meanwhile, the witnesses laid their coats at the feet of a young man named Saul.
59 While they were stoning him, Stephen prayed, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.” 60 Then he fell on his knees and cried out, “Lord, do not hold this sin against them.” When he had said this, he fell asleep.
8 And Saul approved of their killing him.
On that day a great persecution broke out against the church in Jerusalem, and all except the apostles were scattered throughout Judea and Samaria. 2 Godly men buried Stephen and mourned deeply for him. 3 But Saul began to destroy the church. Going from house to house, he dragged off both men and women and put them in prison.
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Related
Topic: The Holiness of Christ
Speaker: R. C. Sproul
Scripture: Mark 4:35ff
The disciples were terrified by the destructive forces of nature. What was Jesus’ response to the storm?
Why did the disciples become even more fearful after they saw Jesus exercise power over the storm?
Why does being in the presence of holiness invoke fear in man’s heart?
If the presence of holiness invokes fear in man’s heart, how is it possible to have peace with God who is perfectly holy?
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This is the sixth lecture in the Ligonier teaching series The Holiness of God.
The Ligonier website describes the series as follow,
“The Holiness of God examines the meaning of holiness and why people are both fascinated and terrified by a holy God. This series closely explores God’s character, leading to new insights on sin, justice, and grace. The result is a new awareness of our dependence upon God’s mercy and a discovery of the awesomeness of His majestic holiness. Dr. R.C. Sproul says, “The holiness of God affects every aspect of our lives — economics, politics, athletics, romance — everything with which we are involved.”
Discussion questions and video for the rest of the series can be found at the following links:
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Get “The Holiness of God” DVD Collection
Check out the Ligonier website for additional resources.
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Related
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Topic: The Meaning of Holiness
Speaker: R.C. Sproul
Scripture: Matthew 6:9
Can you define the word “holy”? Is it just a synonym for moral purity?
In the Scriptures there are two basic meanings to the word “holy”. The secondary meaning of holiness is personal righteousness and purity. The primary meaning of the word holy is – separate, that which is other. What does it mean to be “other”?
How is God holy?
What makes something a holiday?
What makes something holy? What is the difference between the profane and what is holy?
Can a person become holy? How?
Why are we frightened by the holiness of God, while at the same time being attracted to it?
The Lord’s Prayer includes a desire that the Lord’s name be treated as holy. Do you think that modern Christians evidence this commitment to the holiness of God’s name? Is God’s name often treated in a frivolous manner?
Is it possible for people to honor God and at the same time fail to revere His name?
Do you mirror and reflect the character of God to a dying world?
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This is the fifth lecture in the Ligonier teaching series The Holiness of God.
The Ligonier website describes the series as follow,
“The Holiness of God examines the meaning of holiness and why people are both fascinated and terrified by a holy God. This series closely explores God’s character, leading to new insights on sin, justice, and grace. The result is a new awareness of our dependence upon God’s mercy and a discovery of the awesomeness of His majestic holiness. Dr. R.C. Sproul says, “The holiness of God affects every aspect of our lives — economics, politics, athletics, romance — everything with which we are involved.”
Discussion questions and video for the rest of the series can be found at the following links:
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Related
R.C. Sproul references Rudolf Otto’s book on holiness. You can get it as an ebook for only 99 cents.
Check out the Ligonier website for additional resources.
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I believe that the following bibliography for the study of Christology was compiled a few years ago by some of the faculty at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary.
Strongly Recommended Texts:
Denney, J. The Death of Christ. Tyndale,1951; Paternoster, 1997.
Green, J. B., and M. D. Baker. Recovering the Scandal of the Cross. Paternoster, 2000.
Hawthorne, Gerald F., and Ralph P. Martin, eds. Dictionary of Paul and His Letters. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1993
I. H. Marshall, The Origins of New Testament Christology (IVP, 19902)
Reference:
There are important articles on most of the key terms in the four IVP reference volumes: the required Dictionary of Paul and his Letters (DPL), as well as Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels (DJG), Dictionary of the Later New Testament and its Developments (DLNTD), and Dictionary of New Testament Background (Consult all 4 volumes, since sometimes a topic is covered in more than one volume). See also the articles in NIDNTT (not quite so up-to-date and patchy) and the more technical articles in TDNT.
Recommended reading
Relevant articles in the four IVP Dictionaries of the New Testament.
R. N. Longenecker (ed.), Contours of Christology in the New Testament (Eerdmans, 2005)
J. R. W. Stott, The Cross of Christ (Leicester; Inter-Varsity Press, 1986).
B. Witherington, III, The Many Faces of the Christ (New York: Crossroad, 1998).
I. Bradley, The Power of Sacrifice (London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1995).
M. Casey, From Jewish Prophet to Gentile God (Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 1991).
A. J. Hultgren, Christ and His Benefits (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1988).
L. W. Hurtado, Lord Jesus Christ (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003).
B. Witherington, III, The Christology of Jesus (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1990).
General
(Books marked with * are introductory.)
The person of Christ
*R. E. Brown, An Introduction to New Testament Christology
R. Bultmann, Theology of the New Testament
G. B. Caird, New Testament Theology
C. C. Caragounis, The Son of Man
M. Casey, Son of Man
M. Casey, From Jewish Prophet to Gentile God
J. H. Charlesworth (ed.), The Messiah
O. Cullmann, The Christology of the New Testament
C. H. Dodd, The Interpretation of the Fourth Gospel
J. D. G. Dunn, Christology in the Making SCM
J. D. G. Dunn, The Theology of Paul the Apostle
R. H. Fuller, The Foundations of New Testament Christology
J. B. Green & M. Turner, Jesus of Nazareth: Lord and Christ
F. Hahn, The Titles of Jesus in Christology
M. J. Harris, Jesus as God
M. Hengel, The Son of God
M. Hengel, Studies in Early Christology
J. Hick (ed.), The Myth of God Incarnate
M. D. Hooker, The Son of Man in Mark
L. Hurtado, Lord Jesus Christ
M. de Jonge, Christology in Context
S. Kim, The Origin of Paul’s Gospel
S. Kim, “The ‘Son of Man’” as the Son of God
W. Kramer, Christ, Lord, Son of God
B. Lindars, Jesus Son of Man
R. N. Longenecker, Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period
R. N. Longenecker (ed.), Contours of Christology in the New Testament
*I. H. Marshall, The Origins of New Testament Christology
I. H. Marshall, Jesus the Saviour: Studies in NT Theology
R. P. Martin. Carmen Christi
*C. F. D. Moule, The Origin of Christology
J. Neusner (et al.), Judaisms and their Messiahs
P. Pokorný, The Genesis of Christology
M. A. Powell and D. R. Bauer, Who do you say that I am? Essays on Christology
H. H. Rowdon (ed.), Christ the Lord
P. Satterthwaite (ed.), The Lord’s Anointed
S. S. Smalley, John: Evangelist and Interpreter
V. Taylor, The Person of Jesus in New Testament Teaching
C. Tuckett (ed.), The Messianic Secret
J. Verheyden, The Unity of Luke-Acts
G. Vermes, Jesus the Jew
G. Vos, The Self-Disclosure of Jesus
B. Witherington, III, The Christology of Jesus
*B. Witherington, III, The Many Faces of the Christ
N. T. Wright, Jesus and the Victory of God
The work of Christ
C. E. Arnold, Powers of Darkness
R. T. Beckwith and M. J. Selman, Sacrifice in the Bible
W. H. Bellinger, Jr. and W. R. Farmer (ed.), Jesus and the Suffering Servant
I. Bradley, The Power of Sacrifice
R. J. Daly, The Origins of the Christian Doctrine of Sacrifice
J. Denney, The Death of Christ
J. T. Forestell, The Word of Salvation
R. B. Gaffin, Jr, The Centrality of the Resurrection: A Study in Paul’s Soteriology
J. B. Green and M. D. Baker, Recovering the Scandal of the Cross
D. Hill, Greek Words and Hebrew Meanings
A. J. Hultgren, Christ and His Benefits
A. T. Hanson, The Paradox of the Cross in the Thought of St Paul
M. Hengel, The Atonement
M. D. Hooker, Jesus and the Servant
W. Horbury & B. McNeil, Suffering and Martyrdom in the New Testament
R. Leivestad, Christ the Conqueror
B. H. McLean, ‘The absence of an atoning sacrifice in Paul’s soteriology’, NTS 38 (1992), 531-55.
B. H. McLean, The Cursed Christ: Mediterranean Expulsion Rituals and Pauline Soteriology
*I. H. Marshall, The Work of Christ
R. P. Martin, Reconciliation
G. F. Moore, Judaism in the first centuries of the Christian era: The age of the Tannaim
L. Morris, The Apostolic Preaching of the Cross
*L. Morris, The Cross in the New Testament
J. I. Packer, Celebrating the Saving Work of God
J. S. Pobee, Persecution and Martyrdom in the Theology of Paul
E. P. Sanders, Paul and Palestinian Judaism
T. Smail, One and For All: A Confession of the Cross
D. M. Stanley, Christ’s Resurrrection in Pauline Soteriology
J. R. W. Stott, The Cross of Christ
V. Taylor, Jesus and his Sacrifice
V. Taylor, The Atonement in New Testament Teaching
V. Taylor, Forgiveness and Reconciliation
D. E. H. Whiteley, The Theology of St Paul
F. Young, Sacrifice and the Death of Christ
Many years ago I worked for John A. Burns in the Wallace Library. I was always impressed by the breadth of his knowledge of theological literature. Twenty-five years ago the Criswell Theological Journal included an article by Burns entitled Commenting On Commentaries on the Book of John. That has been quite awhile ago, but a survey of his recommendations reveals that most of his suggestions have stood the test of time. Below are some of his recommendations that are still in print.
Books that will assist in the literary study of the Fourth Gospel:
A study aid for the student that does not require facility of New Testament Greek:
More resources for the study of key words:
Resources for background information on John:
Seminal studies in the Gospel According to John:
Devotional studies in this gospel:
For those who can find their way through theological divergences:
Study guides reinforcing the unity of the book:
And, four commentaries that are “usable by everyone, their cost is not prohibitive, they have verse-by-verse, exposition of the Greek text, and they are not conditioned by severe and unsympathetic methodologies that are destructive to confidence in the Bible”:
Sermon Topic: The Danger of Self Reliance
Speaker: Alistair Begg
Text: Mark 14
Why did the Hebrew people celebrate the Passover feast?
What did Jesus mean when he said ““This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many”? What connection was he making between himself and the feast that was being celebrated?
What are we to make of the fact that God “did not spare his own son”? (Romans 8:32) Was Jesus a victim? (John 10:18)
Is it possible to read and hear the word of God and not be effected by it?
Do you believe it is possible that you could fall away from Christ? The disciples abandoned Jesus during his time of crisis, are you better than them? How did Peter respond when Jesus told him that Peter would fall way? What is the danger of pride and presumption in regard to our commitment to Christ? (Mark 14:27, 31, 50)
Alistair Begg points out six lessons to take away from this historical event; can you name any of them?
Lesson 1
Proverbs 18:18 “Pride goes before destruction,a haughty spirit before a fall.” Proverbs 28:26 “Those who trust in themselves are fools, but those who walk in wisdom are kept safe.”
Lesson 2
Our hearts are far more wicked than we ever know. (Jeremiah 17:9)
Lesson 3
We need to learn to take Christ at his word and submit ourselves to what he has said.
Lesson 4
Be alert to the way we may influence others.
Lesson 5
There is a reminder in this for us to be gracious in our dealings with each other.
Lesson 6
We learn, as this story unfolds, that failure with God is never final.
Do you need to take heed to one of these lessons? Where do you fit into this story? Where are you at in your daily walk with Christ?
How can you rest in the security of the preservation of God? What role does repentance and faith play in the security that is found in Christ?
The following books and articles are some of those appearing on the Comprehensive Reading List for PhD candidates in New Testament at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary.
INTRODUCTORY STUDIES
Relevant major articles in the following reference collection published by InterVarsity Press,
Dictionary of New Testament Background: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship. Edited by Craig A. Evans and Stanley E. Porter. 2000.
Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. Edited by Joel B. Green, Scott McKnight, and I. Howard Marshall. 1992.
Dictionary of Paul and His Letters. Edited by Gerald F. Hawthorne and Ralph P. Martin. 1993.
Dictionary of the Later New Testament and Its Developments. Edited by Ralph P. Martin. 1997.
and in The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Edited by David Noel Freedman. 6 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
Introduction
Bauer, W. Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1971.
Carson, D. A., and Douglas J. Moo. An Introduction to the New Testament. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2005.
Guthrie, Donald. New Testament Introduction. 4th rev. ed. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1990.
Käsemann, E. Essays on New Testament Themes. Translated by W. J. Montague. London: SCM, 1964; reprint, Philadelphia: Fortress, 1982.
Kümmel, W. G. Introduction to the New Testament. Rev. ed. Translated by Howard Clark Kee. Nashville: Abingdon, 1975.
Lohse, Eduard. The Formation of the New Testament. Translated by M. Eugene Boring. Nashville: Abingdon, 1981.
Moule, C. F. D. The Birth of the New Testament. 3rd rev. ed. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1982.
Background and History
Alexander, Philip S. “Rabbinic Judaism and the New Testament.” Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche 74 (1983): 237-46.
Aune, David E. The New Testament in Its Literary Environment. Library of Early Christianity. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1987.
Carson, D. A., P. T. O’Brien, & M. A. Seifrid, eds. The Complexities of Second Temple Judaism. Vol. 1 of Justification and Variegated Nomism. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001.
Charlesworth, James H., ed. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1983-85.
deSilva, David A. Introducing the Apocrypha: Message, Context, & Significance. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002.
Elliott, M. A. The Survivors of Israel: A Reconsideration of the Theology of Pre-Christian Judaism. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000.
Ferguson, Everett. Backgrounds of Early Christianity. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003.
Fitzmyer, J. A. Essays on the Semitic Background of the New Testament. Chico: Scholars, 1974.
Hanson, K. C., and Douglas E. Oakman. Palestine in the Time of Jesus: Social Structures and Social Conflicts. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress, 1998.
Hengel, Martin. Judaism and Hellenism: Studies in their Encounter in Palestine during the Early Hellenistic Period. Translated by J. Bowden. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1981.
Hoehner, Harold. Chronological Aspects of the Life of Christ. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1977.
Koester, Helmut. History, Culture, and Religion of the Hellenistic Age. 2nd ed. New York: de Gruyter, 1995.
Marshall, I. Howard. “Palestinian and Hellenistic Christianity: Some Critical Comments.” NTS 19 (1972-73): 271-87.
McLay, R. T. The Use of the Septuagint in New Testament Research. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003.
Neusner, Jacob. Judaism When Christianity Began: A Survey of Belief and Practice. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2002.
Strack, H. L., and G. Stemberger. Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash. 2nd rev. ed. Translated by M. Bockmuehl. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1991.
VanderKam, James C. An Introduction to Early Judaism. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001.
Formation
Baird, J. A. Holy Word: The Paradigm of New Testament Formation. Sheffield: Trinity Academic, 2002.
Bauckham, R. J. “Pseudo-Apostolic Letters.” JBL 107 (1988): 469-94.
Bruce, F. F. The New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable? 6th ed. Grand Rapids: InterVarsity, 2003.
Campenhausen, H. von. The Formation of the Christian Bible. Translated by J. A. Baker. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984.
Dodd, C. H. The Apostolic Preaching and Its Development. New York: Harper & Row, 1964.
Ellis, E. E. The Making of the New Testament Documents. Boston: Brill Academic, 1999, 2002.
________. The Old Testament in Early Christianity. WUNT 54. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck); Grand Rapids: Baker, 1991.
Gamble, Harry Y. The New Testament Canon: Its Making and Meaning. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985.
Gerhardsson, Birger. The Reliability of the Gospel Tradition. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2001.
Grant, Robert McQueen. The Formation of the New Testament. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1965.
Meade, D. G. Pseudonymity and Canon: An Investigation into the Relationship of Authorship an Authority in Jewish and Earliest Christian Tradition. Tübingen: Mohr, 1986.
Metzger, Bruce. The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance. Oxford: Clarendon, 1997.
Robinson, J. A. T. Redating the New Testament. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1976.
Sysling, Harry, and Martin J. Mulder, eds. Mikra: Text, Translation, Reading and Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity. Compendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum, Section 2, Literature of the Jewish People in the Period of the Second Temple and the Talmud. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1989.
Wilder, Terry. Pseudonymity, the New Testament, and Deception. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2004.
History of Interpretation
Baird, William. History of New Testament Research. 2 vols. to date. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1992-.
Epp, Eldon J. and George W. MacRae, eds. The New Testament and Its Modern Interpreters. The Bible and Its Modern Interpreters. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1989.
Kümmel, W. G. The New Testament: The History of the Investigation of its Problems, trans. S. M. Gilmour and H. C. Kee. Nashville: Abingdon, 1973.
Neill, Stephen and N. T. Wright. The Interpretation of the New Testament, 1861-1986. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
READING STRATEGIES, CRITICAL METHODS, HERMENEUTICS
Aland, Kurt. The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989.
Augustine, St. On Christian Teaching. Translated by R. P. H. Green. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Barclay, J. M. G. “Mirror-Reading a Polemical Letter: Galatians as a Test Case.” JSNT 31 (1987): 73-93.
Barr, James. Semantics of Biblical Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1961.
Beale, G. K. The Right Doctrine from the Wrong Texts: Essays on the Use of the Old Testament in the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1994.
Black, David Alan, and David S. Dockery, eds. New Testament Criticism and Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1991.
Blomberg, Craig. The Historical Reliability of the Gospels. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1987.
Carson, D. A. Exegetical Fallacies. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1984; reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996.
Cotterell, Peter, and Max Turner. Linguistics and Biblical Interpretation. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1989.
Ellis, E. Earle. “New Directions in Form Criticism.” In Prophecy and Hermeneutic in Early Christianity, 237-53. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1978.
Fee, Gordon D. New Testament Exegesis: A Handbook for Students and Pastors. 3rd ed. Louisville: Westminster/John Knox, 2002.
Goppelt, L. Typos: The Typological Interpretation of the Old Testament in the New. Translated by D. H. Madrig. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982.
Green, Joel B., ed. Hearing the New Testament: Strategies for Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.
Gruenler, R. Meaning and Understanding: The Philosophical Framework for Biblical Interpretation. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1991.
Hall, David R. The Seven Pillories of Wisdom. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1990.
Hirsch, E. D., Jr. Validity in Interpretation. New Haven, CT: Yale University, 1967.
LaRondelle, Hans K. The Israel of God in Prophecy: Principles of Prophetic Interpretation. Berrein Springs, MI: Andrews University Press, 1983.
Linnemann, Eta. Historical Criticism of the Bible: Methodology or Ideology; Reflections of a Bultmannian Turned Evangelical. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1990.
Marshall, I. Howard, ed. New Testament Interpretation: Essays on Principles and Methods. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1977.
Osborne, Grant R. The Hermeneutical Spiral: A Comprehensive Introduction to Biblical Interpretation. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1991.
Sandmel, S. “Parallelomania.” JBL 81 (1962): 1-13.
VanHoozer, Kevin J. Is There a Meaning in this Text? The Bible, the Reader, and the Morality of Literary Knowledge. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998.
Yeago, David S. “The New Testament and the Nicene Dogma: A Contribution to the Recovery of Theological Exegesis.” Pro Ecclesia 3 (1994): 152-64.
NEW TESTAMENT THEOLOGY
Baker, David. Two Testaments, One Bible: A Study of the Theological Relationship between the Old and New Testaments. Rev. ed. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1991.
Blaising, Craig A., and Darrell L. Bock. Progressive Dispensationalism. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2000.
Bultmann, Rudolf. Theology of the New Testament. Translated by Kendrick Grobel. 2 vols. London: SCM, 1951-55.
Childs, B. Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments: Theological Reflections on the Christian Bible. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1992. Pages 1-94 only.
Cullman, Oscar. The Christology of the New Testament. Translated by S. H. Guthrie and C. A. M. Hall. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1959.
________. Salvation in History. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.
Dodd, C. H. According to the Scriptures: The Substructure of New Testament Theology. London: Nisbet & Co., 1952.
Feinberg, John S., ed. Continuity and Discontinuity: Perspectives on the Relationship between the Old and New Testaments, Essays in Honor of S. Lewis Johnson, Jr. Westchester, IL: Crossway, 1988.
Goppelt, L. Theology of the New Testament. Translated by John Alsup. 2 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982.
Hasel, G. New Testament Theology: Basic Issues in the Current Debate. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1978.
Ladd, George E. A Theology of the New Testament. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993.
Marshall, I. Howard. “Early Catholicism in the New Testament.” In New Dimensions in New Testament Study, ed. R. N. Longenecker and M. C. Tenney, 217-31. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1974.
________. Jesus the Saviour: Studies in New Testament Theology. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1990.
________. The Origins of New Testament Christology. Updated ed. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1990.
Morris, L. Apostolic Preaching of the Cross. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994.
________. The Atonement: Its Meaning and Significance. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1983.
Via, Dan O. What is New Testament Theology? Guides to Biblical Scholarship. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2002.Wright, N. T. The New Testament and the People of God. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1992.
For personal study on individual NT books and/or authors, see the New Testament Theology series (James D. G. Dunn, gen. ed.), published by Cambridge University Press. This is not required reading, but may prove helpful in the future.
GOSPEL STUDIES (General) AND JESUS STUDIES
Bauckham, Richard, ed. The Gospels for All Christians: Rethinking the Gospel Audiences. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.
Blomberg, Craig. Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey. Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1997.
Burridge, Richard A. Four Gospels, One Jesus? Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994.
________. What are the Gospels? A Comparison with Graeco-Roman Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Conzelmann, H. The Theology of St. Luke. Translated by G. Busell. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1982.
Dunn, James D. G. Jesus Remembered. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003.
Fitzmeyer, Joseph A. Luke the Theologian: Aspects of His Teaching. New York: Paulist, 1989.
France, R. T. The Evidence for Jesus. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1986.
________. Matthew: Evangelist and Teacher. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987.
Gerhardsson, Birger. The Reliability of the Gospel Tradition. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2001.
Hengel, Martin. The Four Gospels and the One Gospel of Jesus Christ: An Investigation of the Collection and Origin of the Canonical Gospels. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 2000.
Keck, L., and J. Louis Martyn, eds. Studies in Luke-Acts. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.
Marshall, I. Howard. I Believe in the Historical Jesus. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1977.
________. Luke: Historian and Theologian. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1989.
Martin, R. P. Mark: Evangelist and Theologian. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1973.
Schweitzer, Albert. The Quest of the Historical Jesus: A Critical Study of its Progress from Reimarus to Wrede. Translated by W. B. D. Montgomery. New York: Macmillan, 1968; paperback, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
Strauss, David Friedrich. The Life of Jesus Critically Examined. Edited by P. Hodgson. Translated from the 4th German ed. by George Eliot. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1973.
Stuhlmacher, Peter, ed. The Gospel and the Gospels. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.
Witherington, Ben, III. The Jesus Quest: The Third Search for the Jew of Nazareth. Expanded ed. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1997.
Wright, N. T. Jesus and the Victory of God. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1997.
SYNOPTIC PROBLEM
Black, David Alan, and David R. Beck, eds. Rethinking the Synoptic Problem. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2001.
Dungan, David Laird. A History of the Synoptic Problem: The Canon, the Text, the Composition, and the Interpretation of the Gospels. New York: Doubleday, 1999.
Farmer, William. The Synoptic Problem: A Critical Analysis. Dillsboro, NC: Western North Carolina Press, 1976.
Goodacre, Mark S. The Synoptic Problem: A Way through the Maze. London: Sheffield, 2001.
Linnemann, Eta. Is There a Synoptic Problem? Translated by Robert W. Yarbrough. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1992.
Reicke, B. The Roots of the Synoptic Gospels. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986.
Sanders, E. P. Tendencies of the Synoptic Tradition. Edited by Matthew Black. Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series 9. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969.
Stein, Robert H. The Synoptic Problem: An Introduction. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1987.
Streeter, B. H. The Four Gospels: A Study of Origins. London: MacMillan, 1924.
Wenham, John. Redating Matthew, Mark, and Luke: A Fresh Assault on the Synoptic Problem. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1992.
JOHANNINE STUDIES
Ashton, J., ed. The Interpretation of John. Rev. ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1997.
________. Studying John: Approaches to the Fourth Gospel. Oxford: Clarendon, 1994.
Brown, Raymond E. An Introduction to the Gospel of John. Edited by Francis Moloney. Anchor Bible Reference Library. New York: Doubleday, 2003.
Carson, D. A. The Gospel according to John. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1991.
________. “Historical Tradition and the Fourth Gospel: After Dodd, What?” In Gospel Perspectives II, ed. R. T. France and David Wenham, 83-145. Sheffield: JSOT, 1981.
Culpepper, R. Alan. Anatomy of the Fourth Gospel: A Study in Literary Design. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983.
Kysar, R. The Fourth Evangelist and His Gospel: An Examination of Contemporary Scholarship. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1975.
Martyn, J. Louis. History and Theology in the Fourth Gospel. Rev. ed. Nashville: Abingdon, 1979.
Pryor, John W. John: Evangelist of the Covenant People: The Narrative and Themes of the Fourth Gospel. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1992.
Robinson, J. A. T. The Priority of John. London: SCM, 1985.
Schnackenburg, R. The Gospel according to St. John. 3 vols. London: Burns & Oates, 1968-82.
Sloyan, G. What Are They Saying about John? New York: Paulist, 1991.
Smalley, S. John, Evangelist and Interpreter. 2nd ed. Carlisle: Paternoster, 1998.
Smith, D. Moody. John Among the Gospels. 2nd ed. Columbia: University of South Carolina, 2001.
Stibbe, M. W. G. John as Storyteller. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
PAULINE STUDIES
Banks, Robert. Paul’s Idea of Community: The Early House Churches in Their Historical Setting. Rev. ed. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994.
Barrett, C. K. From the First Adam to Last: A Study in Pauline Theology. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1962.
Baur, F. C. Paul the Apostle of Jesus Christ. Edinburgh: Williams and Norgate, 1873-75; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2003.
Beker, J. Christian. Paul the Apostle: The Triumph of God in Life and Thought. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.
Davies, W. D. Paul and Rabbinic Judaism: Some Rabbinic Elements in Pauline Theology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.
Dunn, James D. G. “The New Perspective on Paul.” Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 65.2 (Spring, 1983): 95-122. Also in Jesus, Paul and the Law: Studies in Mark and Galatians, 95-122. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1990.
________. The Theology of Paul the Apostle. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.
________, ed. The Cambridge Companion to St. Paul. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Ellis, E. Earle. Paul’s Use of the Old Testament. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1957; reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker, 1981.
Fitzmeyer, Joseph. Pauline Theology: A Brief Sketch. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1989.
Hays, Richard. Echoes of Scripture in the Letters of Paul. Reprint ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.
Hengel, Martin. The Pre-Christian Paul. Translated by J. Bowden. London: SCM, 1991.
Käsemann, Ernst. Perspectives on Paul. Translated by M. Kohl. Philadelphia: Trinity Press International, 1991.
________. “‘The Righteousness of God’ in Paul.” In New Testament Questions of Today, trans. W. J. Montague. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1969.
Kim, S. The Origin of Paul’s Gospel. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1981.
Meeks, Wayne. The First Urban Christians: The Social World of the Apostle Paul. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale Univ
ersity Press, 2003.Munck, Johannes. Paul and the Salvation of Mankind. Translated by R. Clark. Richmond: John Knox, 1959.
Räisänen, Heiki. Paul and the Law. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1986.
Ridderbos, Herman. Paul: An Outline of His Theology. Translated by John Richard de Witt. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1975.
Riesner, R. Paul’s Early Period: Chronology, Mission Strategy, and Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.
Sanders, E. P. Paul and Palestinian Judaism: A Comparison of Patterns of Religion. London: SCM, 1977.
________. Paul, the Law, and the Jewish People. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1983.
Schreiner, T. Paul: Apostle of God’s Glory in Christ. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2001.
Schweitzer, Albert. The Mysticism of Paul the Apostle. Translated by W. Montgomery. 2nd ed. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1953.
________. Paul and His Interpreters. Translated by W. Montgomery. New York: MacMillan, 1912.
Stendahl, Krister. Paul among Jews and Gentiles. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1976.
Stuhlmacher, Peter. “Zur paulinischen Christologie.” Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche 74 (1977): 449-63.
Thielman, F. Paul and the Law: A Contextual Approach. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 1994.
Wenham, D. Paul: Follower of Jesus or Founder of Christianity? Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.
Westerholm, Stephen. Perspectives Old and New on Paul: The “Lutheran” Paul and His Critics. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004.
Wright, N. T. The Climax of the Covenant: Christ and the Law in Pauline Theology. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1991.
ARCHAEOLOGY
DeVries, Lamoine. Cities of the Biblical World. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1997.
Green, Kevin. Archaeology of the Roman Economy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.
McRay, John. Archaeology and the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1991.
O’Connor, Jerome Murphy. The Holy Land: An Archaeological Guide from the Earliest Times to 1700. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
QUMRAN AND THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS
Charlesworth, James H., ed. Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Controversy Resolved. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
________. The Pesharim and Qumran History: Chaos or Consensus? Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002.
Flint, Peter W., ed. The Bible at Qumran: Text, Shape, and Interpretation. Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2001.
Magness, Jodi. The Archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2002.
Schiffman, Lawrence W., Emanuel Tov and James C. Vanderkam, eds. The Dead Sea Scrolls Fifty Years After Their Discovery: Proceedings of the Jerusalem Congress. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society in cooperation with the Shrine of the Book, 2000.
Vermes, Geza. The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English. New York: Allen Lane, Penguin Press, 1997.
VanderKam, James C. The Meaning of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Their Significance for Understanding the Bible, Judaism, Jesus, and Christianity. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 2002.
ANCIENT LITERATURE
The Hebrew Bible – Gen. 1-2; Deut. 6; Ps. 22; Is. 40
The Septuagint – Gen. 1-2; Deut. 6; Ps. 22; Is. 40
The Apostolic Fathers
Philo of Alexandria
Josephus
OT Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha
NT Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha
Dead Sea Scrolls
Nag Hammadi Library – Gospel of Thomas
THE GREEK NEW TESTAMENT
GREEK LANGUAGE
Bibliographical Guides
Danker, F. W. Multipurpose Tools for Bible Study of Scripture. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Concordia, 1970.
Fitzmyer, J. A. An Introductory Bibliography for the Study of Scripture. Subsidia biblica 3. Rome: Biblical Institute, 1981.
Scholer, D. M. A Basic Bibliographic Guide for New Testament Exegesis. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1973.
Textual Tools
Aland, K. et al., eds. The Greek New Testament. 4th ed. New York: United Bible Societies, 1993.
Aland, K., ed. Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum. 9th ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung, 1976.
Aland, K., and B. Aland. The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. 2nd ed. Translated by E. F. Rhodes. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989.
Metzger, B. M. A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament: A Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament. 2nd ed. New York: United Bible Societies, 1994.
________. The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Nestle, E., and K. Aland, eds. Novum Testamentum Graece. 27th ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung, 1993.
Grammatical Tools
Burton, E. D. Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1898.
Blass, F., and A. Debrunner. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and revised by R. W. Funk. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1961.
Brooks, J. A., and C. L. Winbery. Syntax of New Testament Greek. Washington: University Press of America, 1979.
Dana, H. E., and J. R. Mantey. A Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament. New York: Macmillan, 1927; reprint, 1955.
Fanning, B. Verbal Aspect in New Testament Greek. Oxford: Clarendon, 1990.
Greenlee, J. H. A Concise Exegetical Grammar of New Testament Greek. 5th rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986.
Moule, C. F. D. An Idiom Book of New Testament Greek. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968.
Moulton, J. H., W. F. Howard, and N. Turner. A Grammar of New Testament Greek. 4 vols. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1908-1976.
Mounce, William D. Basics of Biblical Greek. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2003.
Porter, S. E. Idioms of the Greek New Testament. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1992.
________. Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the NT, with Reference to Tense and Mood. New York: Peter Lang, 1989.
Robertson, A. T. A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research. 5th ed. Nashville: Broadman, 1934.
Robertson, A. T., and W. H. Davis. A New Short Grammar of the Greek Testament. 10th ed. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1933.
Vaughan, C., and V. Gideon. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament. Nashville: Broadman, 1979.
Wallace, D. B. Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996.
Zerwick, M. An Analysis of the Greek New Testament. Translated and revised by M. Grosvenor. Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1981.
________. Biblical Greek. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute, 1963.
Lexical Aids
Bachman, H., and H. Slaby, eds. Computer-Konkordanz zum Novum Testamentum Graece von Nestle-Aland, 26. Auflage, und zum Greek New Testament. 3rd ed. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1980.
Balz, H., and G. Schneider, eds. Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament. 3 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990.
Bauer, Walter. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated and edited by W. F. Arndt, F. W. Gingrich, F. W. Danker. 3rd ed. Chicago: University Press, 2000.
Brown, C., ed. New Inte
rnational Dictionary of New Testament Theology. 4 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1986.Gingrich, F. Shorter Lexicon of the Greek New Testament. Edited by F. Danker. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.
*Hemer, C. J. “Reflections on the Nature of New Testament Greek Vocabulary.” TynB 38 (1987): 65-92.
Kittel, G., and G. Friedrich. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Translated by G. Bromiley. 10 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964-76.
Kubo, S. A Reader’s Greek Lexicon of the New Testament. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1975.
Liddell, H. G., R. Scott, and H. S. Jones. A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968. 9th rev. ed., 1996.
Louw, J. P. and E. A. Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament. 2 vols. New York: United Bible Societies, 1988.
Metzger, B. M. Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek. New ed. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1969.
Moulton, W. F., and A. S. Geden. Concordance to the Greek Testament. Edited by I. H. Marshall. 6th ed., fully revised. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 2002.
*Poythress, Vern S. “How Have Inclusiveness and Tolerance Affected the Bauer-Danker Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (BDAG)?” JETS 46 (2003): 577-88.
Spicq, C. Theological Lexicon of the New Testament. Translated and edited by J. D. Ernest. 3 vols. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994.
