Kevin Stilley

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December 14, 2012 by kevinstilley

Our Mishandling of Tragedy

There were some present at that very time who told him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices.

And he answered them, “Do you think that these Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans, because they suffered in this way?

No, I tell you; but unless you repent, you will all likewise perish.

Or those eighteen on whom the tower in Siloam fell and killed them: do you think that they were worse offenders than all the others who lived in Jerusalem?

No, I tell you; but unless you repent, you will all likewise perish.” (Luke 13:1-5, ESV)

In the coming days every radio talk show and television news program will be discussing this week’s tragic events. They will host philosophers, theologians, psychologists, and sociologists who will discuss the problem of evil ad nauseam. They will try their best to help the populace make sense of the senseless.

And, when they get tired of those topics they will move on to the political issues; — gun control, school security, the cultural ramifications of violence in movies and music, etc.

On Sunday morning pastors will stand in their pulpits and explore such themes as the depravity of man, the comfort of God, trusting God when we do not understand, and more.

What a shame.

All of those issues are important and need to be repeatedly revisited and explored in depth, but by doing so immediately following such tragic events we fail to follow the instruction and example of Jesus found in Luke 13.

In Luke 13, Jesus addresses two tragic events. He could have gone on for hours about the themes mentioned above. But, he did not. Instead he shared with those making inquiry that repentance is the correct course of action for those who are not personally involved but are witnesses to tragedy.

Why repent?

The key to understanding his instruction is contained in the last few words of explanation “unless you repent, you will all likewise perish.” When Jesus said that they would “likewise perish” he did not mean that a tower would fall on them or that they would have their blood mixed with the sacrifices. He meant that they would die without being prepared.

For most people death comes unexpectedly. At the same time that these victims were being violently attacked and murdered in this horrendous event there were perhaps teenagers dying in car accidents, stray bullets hitting bystanders in drive-by shootings, a farmer being caught in his equipment and torn to shreds, an old woman losing her life to a druggie who wanted her social security check, or an old man simply not waking from his night’s sleep. Death comes unexpectedly.

Jesus said that when we become witnesses to the unexpected tragedies of others to whom we are not personally ministering our response is not to be voyeuristic gawkers, philosophical soothsayers, or even theologians. It is a time for personal reflection and repentance.

In the weeks following 9/11 church attendance soared in the United States. A few months later, attendance had not only returned to previous levels but had actually diminished. Why?

 

If we see a funeral, or walk among graves, as the image of death is then present to the eye, I admit we philosophise admirably on the vanity of life. We do not indeed always do so, for those things often have no effect upon us at all. But, at the best, our philosophy is momentary. It vanishes as soon as we turn our back, and leaves not the vestige of remembrance behind; in short, it passes away, just like the applause of a theatre at some pleasant spectacle. Forgetful not only of death, but also of mortality itself, as if no rumour of it had ever reached us, we indulge in supine security as expecting a terrestrial immortality. (John Calvin, in the Institutes of the Christian Religion, Book 3, Chapter 4)

 

During those critical months following 9/11 Americans demonstrated an openness to spiritual things. Pastors and theologians responded by comforting those who had been entrusted to their care and by attempting to cultivate understanding. Meaning well, leaders sought to do what they thought was best for the specific needs of their people rather than issue a call for personal repentance as Jesus had instructed. And meaning well, they failed.

We have been presented with another tragic opportunity to do what Jesus said rather than what we think is right. Will we listen?

“Why do you call me ‘Lord, Lord,’ and not do what I tell you? Everyone who comes to me and hears my words and does them, I will show you what he is like: he is like a man building a house, who dug deep and laid the foundation on the rock. And when a flood arose, the stream broke against that house and could not shake it, because it had been well built. But the one who hears and does not do them is like a man who built a house on the ground without a foundation. When the stream broke against it, immediately it fell, and the ruin of that house was great.” (Luke 6:46-49, ESV)

Will you repent?

Filed Under: Blog, Front Page, Theology Tagged With: 9/11, Columbine, evil, Fort Hood, Newtown, Tragedy, Virginia Tech

October 21, 2012 by kevinstilley

Sophocles – select quotes

Of all great wonders, none is greater than man. Only for death can he find no cure.

The truth is always the strongest argument.

What you cannot enforce, Do not command.

Wisdom is the supreme part of happiness.

Wisdom outweighs any wealth.

Filed Under: Blog, History, Philosophy, Quotes Tagged With: comedy, drama, Greek, Sophocles, Tragedy

February 15, 2012 by kevinstilley

Antigone – discussion questions

What is the background for this drama? What has happened before the events of this drama?

Ismene says, “You ought to realize we are only women, not meant in nature to fight against men, and that we are ruled, by those who are stronger, to obedience in this and even more painful matters.” (lines 70-74) Do Antigone and Ismene differ in their understanding of what is appropriate for man/woman roles? What about Creon?

Antigone says (line 84), “I would not ask thee. No! if though shouldst wish to do it, and wouldst gladly join with me. Do what thou wilt, I go to bury him; and good it were, this having done, to die. Loved I shall be with him whom I have loved, Guilty of holiest crime.” What does it mean to do holy things criminally?

Ismene says to Antigone, “You have a warm heart for such chilly deeds.” What is her point? (line 101)

Do you think Antigone wants to die? Why, or why not?

Creon is a kind of academic? What do you think, do academics make good leaders?

What is the purpose of the bumbling lines of the Sentry? Is his speech nonsense or wisdom?

When Nelson Mandela was serving time in a South African prison, the prisoners received permission to put on a Christmas play and chose to perform Antigone. Why do you think they selected this play? How do lines 490 and following reflect this element of the play?

How do the words and actions of Antigone compare with those of Jim Elliot?

At what point does standing up for what you believe become insolence?

Is Antigone trying to defend Ismene when she refuses to let her be blamed for Antigone’s actions?

Can it be said that the actions of Creon and Antigone reflect their worldviews? Where do the philosophies of Creon and Antigone clash?

Creon talks about the danger of “pleasure in a woman.” (lines 700-710) Is he right?

The address to Haemon (line 630) is attributed to Ismene in all the oldest manuscripts. How does the drama change if Ismene is actually the speaker for this?

Haemon argues for compromise. (lines 768-775) Is compromise good or bad?

Creon asks, “Should we that are my age learn wisdom from young men such as he is?” How would you answer this?

Creon accuses Antigone of wickedness. What determines whether or not she is wicked?

Does this play pit nomos against physis? Where?

Creon asks, “Should the city tell me how I am to rule them?” Why is this question important? Who does the city belong to?

What is Haemon’s point when he tells Creon, “You would be a fine dictator of a desert”?

Can something be lawful and unjust? (line 805)

The Chorus tell Antigone that it is her own self-willed temper that has destroyed her? Do you agree? If not her temper, then what? Noble action? Something else?

Antigone claims that that a sibling is one’s most important relative? (lines 961-969) Do you agree? Why does Antigone believe this?

Antigone believes that the gods want her brother buried. Creon believes that the gods do not what his nephew buried. (lines 1090 -1101) Why do they both believe something different?

Creon has a record of following the advice of Teiresias. Why does he not follow his advice this time? (lines 1110 and following)

You have been asked to do family counseling for this cast of characters; where do you start?

What do you take away from a reading of Antigone? Have you learned anything? What are the questions raised by the play? Are the questions answered?

Aristotle’s was quite interested in the ambiguity of action. The same action can be understood to be both good and bad, good under one description, bad under another. In Sophocles’ Antigone, for example, the fundamental conflict of action is whether or not Antigone should bury her brother, a deed simultaneously commanded and prohibited. Can you think of events in real life that illustrate this ambiguity of action that is the phenomena of tragic conflict?

_____________

Sophocles’ – A Timeline

500 – Birth of Sophocles
490 – Battle of Marathon
480 – Battle of Salamis
468 – First victory at Dionysia at age 32 with Triptolemus (lost)
461 – Democratic reforms of Ephialtes
447 – Parthenon begun in Athens
443 – Head of the Athenian Treasury
442 – Antigone
440 – Held Athenian Generalship
440s – Ajax
431 – Start of Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta
430 – Oedipus Tyrannus
429 – Death of Pericles
420–10 – Electra
425 – Trachinian Women (might be earlier: ca. 450)
415 – Athenian Expedition to Sicily
413 – Special Government Commissioner
409 – Philoctetes
406 – Death of Sophocles
405 – Defeat of Athens by Sparta
404–3 – Rule of Thirty Tyrants in Athens
401 – Oedipus at Colonus

Filed Under: Blog, Books, History, Philosophy, Politics Tagged With: Aristotle, drama, Greek, irony, Sophocles, theater, Tragedy

October 9, 2009 by kevinstilley

Human Responsibility for Acts of God

God designed us in such a way that we seek to assign meaning to even the most mundane of events. I believe that God did this as a kind of “tuner” to help us tune in and observe his activity all around us. God is not some far-off deity. He is involved. He is active. He is here.

The Talmud includes this account of men seeking to understand the involvement of God in their midst;

A ruler said to Rabbi Abbahu: “There is a drought in the country now on your account, since it is written in your Torah, that when you disobey God, he shuts off the rain. We should fall upon you Jews and slay all of you, so that we may not suffer on your account.”

Rabbi Abbahu replied: “But is it not your evil decrees against us which cause us to sin?”

The ruler answered: “Nay, if you did not sin, God would not prompt our hearts to persecute you.”

Rabbi Judah remarked: “Well has the ruler spoken.”

Do you agree with the interpretation of Rabbi Judah? Had the ruler spoken well? In recent years there have been a number of catastrophic events to which prominent religious leaders assigned guilt to “sinners”. However, according to this Talmudic interpretation it is actually believers that bear the greatest burden of responsibility.

What do you think?

__________

Related Content

  • Our Mishandling of the Virginia Tech Tragedy
  • The Pursuit of God, by A.W. Tozer
  • Punch Shakespeare

__________

Book Cover

Filed Under: Blog, Front Page, History, Theology Tagged With: 9/11, Acts of God, drought, Famine, Hurricane, Plague, Tragedy

October 5, 2009 by kevinstilley

Giving Back Jewels

This evening my wife shared with me the story of a mother who lost her child in the tsunami brought about by the earthquake near Samoa.  The mother had gone to pick up her 8-year-old daughter from school following the earthquake.  As they returned home they were caught in the tidal wave.  Despite the mother’s best effort to hold on to her daughter, she slipped from her grasp and was swept away as she cried out in panic for her mother to help her.  They found the body of the little girl several hours later still wearing her school backpack.

My heart breaks and tears come as I think about the pain of losing a child.  My impulse is to fall in line with Theoden from The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers when he says after losing his son, “No parent should have to bury their child.”

Nevertheless, they do. So perhaps a better way to think of it comes to us from the account of Rabbi Meir and his wife;

While Rabbi Meir was holding his weekly discourse on Sabbath afternoon, his two beloved sons died suddenly at home. Their mother covered them with a sheet, and forbore to mourn on the sacred day. When Rabbi Meir returned after the evening Services, he asked for his sons, whom he had not seen in the synagogue. She asked him to recite the Habdalah and gave him his evening meal. Then she said: “I have a question to ask thee. A friend once gave me jewels to keep for him; now he wishes them again. Shall I return them?”

“Beyond doubt thou must,” said Rabbi Meir.

His wife took him by the hand, led him to the bed and drew back the sheet. Rabbi Meir burst into bitter weeping, and his wife said: “They were entrusted to us for a time; now their Master has taken back His very own.”

(Midrash Mishle, 28)

__________

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